Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oils for High-Quality Fuel Production

Lødeng, Rune; Hannevold, Lenka; Bergem, Håkon; Stöcker, Michael

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-56330-9.00011-5

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…An important feature of GC x GC techniques is the requirement for careful calibration of peaks, using a large library of compounds. Given that there are 100 -1,000 compounds in the GC x GC chromatographs, this can be carried out using either internal or external standards, depending on the type of detectors the GC x GC technique uses, as well as the compound(s) to be calibrated [370,[387][388][389][390]403]. External calibration is often preferred if a specific bio-oil compound is targeted, whereas internal calibration allows a more versatile calibration of different compounds.…”

Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once calibrated, the GC x GC methods can accurately quantify the bio-oil composition. This is a significant advantage over other methods such as spectroscopic techniques which offer a qualitative analysis only [370,[387][388][389][390].…”

Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D LC methods have been in use for food and pharmaceutical applications and have potential in analyzing the bio-oil aqueous phase with higher polarity compounds than those in the organic phase. The aqueous phase can contain up to 20% [370,[387][388][389][390] of organic compounds produced in bio-oil pyrolysis and thus its accurate content determination is important in process development and design of the upgrading processes to improve the product quality of certain fractions. Studies [408][409][410]…”

Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Higher molecular weight compounds of the bio-oils have also been analyzed using standard petroleumbased analyses, such as Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICRMS) [414][415][416][417][418] or 2D-NMR. The FT-ICRMS techniques have a sharp resolution of better than 0.003 Da [370,[387][388][389][390] and thus enable analysis of higher molecular weight species derived from lignin and hemicellulose decomposition with molecular weights of up to 1,000 Da [419][420][421]. The technique is advantageous because it does not require any sample preparation prior to injection (apart from dilution),…”

Section: High-resolution Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions

Sharifzadeh

Sadeqzadeh

Guo

et al. 2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

363

129

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Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bio-oil Characterization Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-resolution Mass Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions

Sharifzadeh

Sadeqzadeh

Guo

et al. 2019

Progress in Energy and Combustion Science

363

129

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In general terms, the main challenges for the hydroprocessing of biomass to generate high quality biofuels in a sustainable way are: flexibility in the feed in, reactor configurations that combine the reaction and separation steps, improvement of catalysts to increase stability and reduce pressures of hydrogen operation; hydrogen handling; and general energy efficiency related to the integration of processes (energy and mass), waste management, scaling, etc. [25].…”

Section: Hydroprocessingmentioning

confidence: 99%

se of Biofuels in the Aeronautical Industry. Case of the Colombian Air Force.

Mayorga¹,

Estrada²,

Paez³

et al. 2019

TECCIENCIA

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The present work makes a panorama of the uses of biofuels in the aeronautical industry, considering military aviation. The state of the art contemplates researches for the production and characterization of the different alternatives that can partially or totally replace fossil fuels of aviation, aiming to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. In the local case, through the development of a research project, the use of biofuels for aircraft engines has been evaluated. In the first phase, ground tests were carried out to justify and present the results of the options considered. In this way, an outline is made of the production of biokerosene and FAME produced at laboratory level, as well as the inherent challenges to incorporate these two biofuels in mixtures with Jet Fuel in a commercial level for the national scope.

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Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

Michailof

Kalogiannis

Sfetsas

et al. 2016

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) is the liquid product of biomass thermochemical conversion. It is a dark, viscous liquid that contains the depolymerization products of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The physicochemical properties of bio-oils are determined by employing the conventional methods for fuels analysis with proper adaptations. However, the detailed composition of bio-oils in terms of analytes as well as their concentration remains ambiguous and is a challenging task for analytical chemistry. The compounds in the bio-oil range from nonpolar (e.g., hydrocarbons) to highly polar (e.g., phenolics) and from volatile (e.g., organic acids) to nonvolatile (e.g., sugar derivatives), covering a molecular weight (MW) range of about 50-2000 Da. Hence a combination of analytical techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are required to determine the bio-oil's composition. Despite the significant breakthroughs of these techniques, they face limitations regarding the sample pretreatment, the incomplete separation and determination of components, and the need of multiple analyses with each method for more complete results. The development of sophisticated, comprehensive, and hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques such as GC × GC, LC × LC, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and 2D-NMR has brought actual advancement in the field of bio-oil analysis. GC × GC and LC × LC have allowed the development of qualitative and quantitative methods for the individual determination of lower MW compounds. However, HRMS and 2D-NMR have facilitated the elucidation of the structure of the higher MW components, offering insight in the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biomass depolymerization and the possibilities for further upgrading of bio-oils.

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Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Bio-Oils for High-Quality Fuel Production

Cited by 13 publications

References 84 publications

The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions

The multi-scale challenges of biomass fast pyrolysis and bio-oil upgrading: Review of the state of art and future research directions

se of Biofuels in the Aeronautical Industry. Case of the Colombian Air Force.

Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

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