Catalytic hydroconversion processes for upcycling plastic waste to fuels and chemicals

Abstract

The plastic waste represents an environmental threat and a huge economic loss. Catalytic hydroconversion of plastic wastes can enable to valorization of plastic wastes to diverse value-added products at high...

Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygen‐Containing Aromatic Plastic Wastes to Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers

“…[17,21] In addition, the oxophilic NbO x was also reported to be responsible for the activation of oxygencontaining aromatic plastic in the HDO process. [9] The reaction rates for hydrogenation of benzene over both catalysts are similar, suggesting that the hydrogenation of benzene rings mainly occurs over Ru metallic sites (Table 3 entries 11-12). Moreover, the reaction rates with these model compounds over Ru-ReO x /SiO 2 (0.5) followed the order of benzene @ phenol > diphenyl carbonate > cyclohexanol (Table 3 entries 2, 5, 8, and 12).…”

Quantifying synergy for mixed end-scission and random-scission catalysts in polymer upcycling

“…Chemical recycling processes, especially with catalysts to guide selectivity, have the potential to create high value chemicals from plastic waste. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Different catalysts for polymer upcycling operate in different ways: end scission or random scission, heterogeneous or homogeneous, processive or nonprocessive, etc. Processes that use a mixture of catalysts may even exploit synergies between different catalyst modalities.…”

Total revalorization of high impact polystyrene (HIPS): enhancing styrene recovery and upcycling of the rubber phase

“…However, in all of these systems, there is still room for growth and further upgrading before industrial implementation. 15…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12] Actually, the waste produced by electronic equipment, known as "waste electrical and electronic equipment" (WEEE), reached 59 million tons by 2022, with HIPS representing 42% of all WEEE. 13,14 Current valorization techniques for polyolefins (including PS) involve pyrolysis reactions, perhaps the most common approach, 15 metathesis reactions, like ethenolysis, 16 hydrogenolysis over metal catalysts, 17 hydrocracking over bifunctional catalysts, 18 among others. However, in all of these systems, there is still room for growth and further upgrading before industrial implementation.…”

“…However, in all of these systems, there is still room for growth and further upgrading before industrial implementation. 15 HIPS is a two-phase material consisting of a free polystyrene matrix and rubber particles, which contain micron-sized polybutadiene (PB) particles (3-10 wt% of the total material), surrounded by covalently grafted PS. [19][20][21][22][23] The role of the PB particles is to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer (a method known as rubber toughening), which provides the HIPS with higher impact strength, elongation at break, and fracture toughness.…”