Catalytic heat-generating units for industrial heating

Catalytic combustion: Achievements and problems

“…Based on results of laboratory and benchmark tests, the degree of carbon burnout is 95-98% for coals with the time of their contact with the catalytic layer of 1.4 s and more than 99% for lignite coals. Nowadays catalytic combustion of solid fuels is used in boilers with a power of 3-6 Gcal/h in Artyshta II of the Kemerovo Region, Kulunda of the Altai Region, Abakumovka of the Krasnoyarsk Region, and Magdagachi of the Primorskii Region [11].…”

Modern approaches to the production of carbon materials from vegetable biomass

“…Rice husks are a difficultly processed waste product in the production of rice material on account of the high SiO 2 content; it is difficult to burn by the traditional methods since it mostly smolders, and the atmosphere is contaminated with the thermolysis products and dusty silicon dioxide [106], and it also acts as an abrasive in the metal construction of the furnaces. The ecologically cleaner nontraditional methods of heat treatment in reactors with a fluidized bed of catalyst [54,55] are currently hardly used at all. From the standpoint of a precursor of porous carbon materials high-ash biomass is of undoubted interest in so far as the mineral component in its composition may affect the development of porous structure in the carbon phase, fulfilling the role of template.…”

“…With short contact times the external burning of the biomass particles is minimal, and this makes it possible to obtain a PCM with acceptable yields. For example, during the carbonization of rice husks by such a method porous carbon-silica nanocomposites with various ash contents (30-80 wt.%) are produced, and their specific surface area can reach values of up to 250 m 2 /g [54,55].…”

“…During roasting of the biomass in a reactor with a fluidized bed of catalyst in a stream of air [54,55] with a short contact time (t » 1-2 s) at temperatures of 450-600°C the organic layer does not burn completely, and a porous structure develops in 141 Notes. Here and in Tables 2, 3, 5, and 6: T act = activation temperature; t act = activation time; nd = no data.…”

Low-temperature conversion of low-grade organic raw, part 1 (technical aspects)

“…By now we know quite a lot of works on the complex processing of local low-grade fuels [4][5][6][7]. So, at the department of steam generation build and steam generator installations (SGB and SGI) in Tomsk Polytechnic University are carried a research on low-temperature catalytic processing of low-grade fuels, such as sawdust, peat, brown coal [7][8][9].…”