Catalytic gasification of refuse-derived fuel in a two-stage laboratory scale pyrolysis/gasification unit with catalyst based on clay minerals

Performance of Catalysts of Different Nature in Model Tar Component Decomposition

“…Composition of calcined clay mineral determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis is presented in Table 1. These data were originally given in our previous paper [16]. Results of X-ray diffraction analysis of this clay material showed the presence of annite, quartz, lime, hematite and periclase.…”

“…Table 1. Clay mineral chemical composition [16] and pyrolysis char elemental composition. Almost all components of natural clay tested in this study are active in tar decomposition [12].…”

“…Specific pore volume and average pore diameters of the investigated catalysts were estimated based on the BJH method. Data for Ni-doped clay mineral catalyst were originally published in our previous study [16]. Results of nitrogen adsorption show that specific surface area of carbonized pyrolysis char is larger than that of calcined Ni-doped clay.…”

“…Natural clay particles between 0.8 mm and 2 mm obtained by crushing larger pieces of rock mineral and sieving were used for this purpose. As prepared catalyst was dried at 105 • C for 2 h in air and calcined at 800 • C for 6 h in flowing nitrogen according to the procedure described by Šuhaj and coworkers [16]. Active metal content in the catalyst was confirmed by the TG analysis.…”

“…Active metal content in the catalyst was confirmed by the TG analysis. During the calcination of Ni-impregnated clay mineral, about 15 mass% of the sample were lost due to the raw catalyst surface changes and decomposition of nickel nitrate supported on its surface [16]. Pyrolytic char catalyst (Figure 4b) was prepared from char powder.…”