“…Recently, the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic, including PP ( Abbas-Abadi et al, 2014 ; Jung et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2017 ; Ryu et al, 2020 ), PE ( Lee et al, 2002 ; N Miskolczi et al, 2004 ), or PS ( Shah and Jan, 2014 ; Williams and Bagri, 2004 ) was reported by many researchers. Commonly, PP waste was thermally decomposed with aid from catalysts in to enhance the yield of the by-products.…”
Section: Pyrolysis Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Liquid oil produced from pyrolysis of plastic waste is as an important renewable material for the generation of chemicals and fuel. From previous works, catalytic pyrolysis process was shown as the best pyrolysis approach to convert plastic into liquid hydrocarbons ( Cai et al, 2019 ; Jung et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2017 ; Ryu et al, 2020 ). The aromatic, olefin, and naphthalene chemicals present in petroleum products are abundant in liquid oil generated by catalytic pyrolysis of several types of plastic feedstock ( Miandad et al, 2019 ).…”
Section: Recent Application Of Pyrolysis By-productsmentioning
“…Recently, the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastic, including PP ( Abbas-Abadi et al, 2014 ; Jung et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2017 ; Ryu et al, 2020 ), PE ( Lee et al, 2002 ; N Miskolczi et al, 2004 ), or PS ( Shah and Jan, 2014 ; Williams and Bagri, 2004 ) was reported by many researchers. Commonly, PP waste was thermally decomposed with aid from catalysts in to enhance the yield of the by-products.…”
Section: Pyrolysis Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Liquid oil produced from pyrolysis of plastic waste is as an important renewable material for the generation of chemicals and fuel. From previous works, catalytic pyrolysis process was shown as the best pyrolysis approach to convert plastic into liquid hydrocarbons ( Cai et al, 2019 ; Jung et al, 2021 ; Kim et al, 2017 ; Ryu et al, 2020 ). The aromatic, olefin, and naphthalene chemicals present in petroleum products are abundant in liquid oil generated by catalytic pyrolysis of several types of plastic feedstock ( Miandad et al, 2019 ).…”
Section: Recent Application Of Pyrolysis By-productsmentioning
“…An attractive strategy for obtaining bio-oils with a reduced oxygen content and enriched in hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) involves the use of acidic solid catalysts (generally zeolites), either in situ or ex situ in a reactor connected in series. 47,48 Careful selection of the right type of zeolite is required as pore size and shape selectivity are known to have a great impact on catalyst performance and hence on the physicochemical properties of the end products. On the other hand, bio-oil stabilization can also be conducted through a series of physical methods like the addition of a solvent, ash and/or char removal, and emulsification.…”
Section: Fast Pyrolysis and The Pyrolysis-based Biorefinerymentioning
Lignocellulosic biomass is a key feedstock for the sustainable production of biofuels, biobased chemicals and performance materials. Biomass can be efficiently converted into pyrolysis liquids (also known as bio-oils) by...
“…Several publications are dealing with catalytic VPU of lignin in analytical pyrolysis (py-GC/MS), either analyzing multiple lignin sources or lignin cofeeding, − while screening or testing various VPU catalysts . Nonanalytical pyrolysis studies ( i.e.…”
The global increase in lignocellulosic ethanol production goes in tandem with an increase in lignin-rich stillage that remains underutilized to date. Anaerobic digestion could valorize residual (biodegradable) organic fractions into biogas, leaving a lignin-rich digested stillage (LRDS). This LRDS from the lignocellulosic ethanol production has been assessed as a feedstock for slow and fast pyrolysis in earlier studies, with the intention to increase the overall output of useful products or energy carriers from the starting material. While using this lignin-rich feedstock, ex situ catalytic vapor-phase upgrading (VPU) of fast pyrolysis vapors with fractional condensation was conducted over Na/ZSM-5, H/ZSM-5, and Fe/ZSM-5 catalysts. Semicontinuous fast pyrolysis experiments have been carried out at a reaction temperature of 480°C in a mechanically stirred sand bed, which was connected directly to a fixed bed of catalyst particles for ex situ upgrading of the fast pyrolysis vapors. The carbon and mass yields in heavy phase liquids decreased after catalytic VPU (mass: ca. 8−11 wt %; carbon: ca. 11−15 wt %), compared to noncatalytic pyrolysis (mass: ca. 18 wt %; carbon: ca. 23 wt %). However, the yield in specific compounds, that is, alkylphenols and aromatics such as BTX, increased much upon catalytic VPU (especially for Fe/ZSM-5). For Fe/ZSM-5, the concentration in alkylphenols and aromatics was 20.8 wt % on liquid basis and the yield was 1.7 wt % on as-received (a.r.) feedstock basis. For noncatalytic pyrolysis, the concentration in alkylphenols and aromatics was 2.1 wt % (liquid basis) with a yield of 0.4 wt % (a.r. feedstock basis). This study thus demonstrates the potential of (modified) catalysts to upgrade lignin pyrolysis vapors.
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