Catalytic esterification and transesterification reaction of high acidic value waste oil by microwave heating

Ayas, Nezihe; Yılmaz, Özlem

doi:10.1002/ep.11985

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Microwave technology has been reported to reduce reaction time in transesterification to a few minutes [41,42]. In contrast, Suppalakpanya et al suggested a reaction time of 60 minutes for esterification at microwave power 70W but with no reference to temperature at which reaction occurred [43].…”

Section: The Effect Of Microwave On Ffa Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving biodiesel yield of animal waste fats by combination of a pre-treatment technique and microwave technology

et al. 2019

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Recently, due to its low cost there has been increased attention on Animal Waste Fats (AWFs) as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Advanced microwave technology has also been reported by many researchers to enhance the transesterification in biodiesel production. However, esterification of free fatty acids in the feedstock reported here has not attracted so much attention. AWFs come with its challenges namely, high free fatty acid (FFA) content and high water content. This study utilizes AWFs (tallow) containing very large amount of FFA; (25wt.%, 18 wt.%, and 9.4 wt.% FFA/AWFs) as feedstock for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) production.A simple thermal pre-treatment technique followed microwave assisted esterification with methanol (MeOH) was conducted in a batch process to reduce the FFA content to as low as 1wt.% FFA, which is then suitable for the alkaline transesterification process. The pre-treatment of AWFs at 88°C to first reduce water and decrease viscosity, followed by an operating microwave power of 70W producing a power density 1.147mW/m 3 , achieved a 15% increase in reduction of FFA over 30W microwave power and conventional thermal method. Under optimum conditions, using 2.0 wt.wt% sulphuric acid catalyst/AWFs and 1:6 molar ratio AWF/MeOH, the FFA conversion of 93wt. % was achieved. The results indicated that the pre-treatment and microwave application provided a faster route to high FFA reduction of AWFs during esterification process. The proposed technology is promising for the potential scale up industrial application.

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Section: The Effect Of Microwave On Ffa Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving biodiesel yield of animal waste fats by combination of a pre-treatment technique and microwave technology

et al. 2019

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“…Several methods and catalysts were investigated to produce biodiesel from raw oil, while the ultrasonic transesterification was the most effective method 11‐13 . Compared with fossil diesel, biodiesel showed a similar cetane number with a higher flash point and better lubricity 14‐17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol to improve vaporization, combustion, and emission characteristics of diesel/used frying oil biodiesel blends in DICI engine

Nour

EL‐Seesy

Attia

et al. 2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Diesel engines play a vital role in the transportation sector. Ternary blends of alcohol, biodiesel, and diesel have the potential to improve diesel engine combustion and emissions. In the current work, three different types of alcohols; n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol were added to biodiesel/diesel blends to improve diesel engine performance, combustion, and emissions. The biodiesel was produced from used frying oil (UFO) by ultrasonic enhanced transesterification to achieve the highest yield, lowest viscosity, and minimum production time. Three ternary fuels containing 10 vol% (n‐butanol or n‐heptanol or n‐octanol), 10 vol% UFO biodiesel, and 80 vol% diesel were tested using diesel engine at 25%, 50%, and 75% load conditions. Thermogravimetric analysis of the ternary blends proved the enhancement in the vaporization characteristics compared with biodiesel and diesel fuels; the lighter the alcohol, the faster the vaporization rate but with longer ignition delay which enhanced the premixed burning mode. The specific fuel consumption increased by up to 6% with a slight reduction in thermal efficiency (≈1%) when n‐octanol was used while n‐butanol and n‐heptanol showed comparable values to neat diesel. Ternary blends showed a reduction in smoke opacity, NOx, CO, and CO2 by up to 38%, 11%, 35%, and 14% compared with diesel, while the lowest emissions were attained for the addition of n‐heptanol.

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Selective catalytic reduction of NO x by CO over LaMnO3 nano perovskites prepared by microwave and ultrasound assisted sol–gel method

Hosseini

Mehri

Niaei

et al. 2018

J Sol-Gel Sci Technol

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Catalytic esterification and transesterification reaction of high acidic value waste oil by microwave heating

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Improving biodiesel yield of animal waste fats by combination of a pre-treatment technique and microwave technology

Improving biodiesel yield of animal waste fats by combination of a pre-treatment technique and microwave technology

Adding n‐butanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐octanol to improve vaporization, combustion, and emission characteristics of diesel/used frying oil biodiesel blends in DICI engine

Selective catalytic reduction of NO x by CO over LaMnO3 nano perovskites prepared by microwave and ultrasound assisted sol–gel method

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