Catalytic conversion of canola oil to fuels and chemical feedstocks: Part II Effect of co‐feeding steam on the performance of HZSM‐5 catalyst

Prasad, Yadavali Siva; Bakhshi, Narendra N.; Mathews, J. F.; Eager, R. L.

doi:10.1002/cjce.5450640219

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…This renewable resource can mitigate the negative impacts of using fossil fuels including the increase of greenhouse gases such as CO 2 in the atmosphere. 39,40 In an early study, canola oil was co-fed with steam over a fixed bed of HZSM-5 41 resulting in an increase in the yield of organics and a reduction in the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst compared to the same experiment conducted without steam. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The quality of bio-oil can be improved by catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) in order to remove oxygen prior to condensation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

et al. 2015

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During catalytic upgrading over HZSM-5 of vapors from fast pyrolysis of biomass (ex situ CFP), water reacts with aromatic intermediates to form phenols that are then desorbed from the catalyst micropores and produced as products. We observe this reaction using real time measurement of products from neat CFP and with added steam. The reaction is confirmed when 18 O-labeled water is used as the steam source and the labeled oxygen is identified in the phenol products. Furthermore, phenols are observed when cellulose pyrolysis vapors are reacted over the HZSM-5 catalyst in steam. This suggests that the phenols do not only arise from phenolic products formed during the pyrolysis of the lignin component of biomass; phenols are also formed by reaction of water molecules with aromatic intermediates formed during the transformation of all of the pyrolysis products. Water formation during biomass pyrolysis is involved in this reaction and leads to the common observation of phenols in products from neat CFP. Steam also reduces the formation of non-reactive carbon in the zeolite catalysts and decreases the rate of deactivation and the amount of measured "coke" on the catalyst. These CFP results were obtained in a flow microreactor coupled to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS), which allowed for real-time measurement of products and facilitated determination of the impact of steam during catalytic upgrading, complemented by a tandem micropyrolyzer connected to a GCMS for identification of the products.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

et al. 2015

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“…They subsequently added steam to the inlet and found a two-fold increase in catalyst life while keeping the same aromatic concentration in the liquid product [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Production of Renewable Aromatics via Crop Oil Catalytic Cracking

et al. 2015

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While HZSM-5 catalytic cracking of crop oil toward aromatics have been well documented, this work adds to this body of knowledge with a full acid byproduct analysis that provides improved mass balance closure along with a design of experiment optimization of reaction conditions. Fatty acids are an inevitable byproduct when converting any triglyceride oil, but are most often overlooked; despite the impact fatty acids have on downstream processing. Acid analysis verified that only short chain fatty acids, mainly acetic acid, were present in low quantities when all feed oil was reacted. When relatively high fatty acid amounts were present, these were mainly uncracked C16 and C18 fatty acids. Optimization is a balance of aromatics formation vs. unwanted gas products, coke and residual fatty acids. A design of experiments approach was used to provide insight into where the optimal reaction conditions reside for HZSM-5 facilitated reactions. These conditions can then form the basis for further development into a commercially viable process for the production of renewable aromatics and other byproducts.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] There are many published studies describing the catalytic application of the zeolite ZSM-5 for the decomposition of vegetable oils to obtain the hydrocarbon fractions relevant for the boiling range of gasoline. 1 Additionally, the processes for the decomposition of rapeseed oil into hydrocarbons using various cracking catalysts have been broadly studied. 2 Other vegetable oils, such as palm oil 3 and algae oil 4 , have also been used as raw materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 There are also known processes for the pyrolysis of natural oils into hydrocarbons using porous materials, such as activated carbon, which run at relatively high temperatures (> 500°C). 7 Compared to the studies described above [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] in the area of the implementation of porous materials for vegetable oils decomposition, triglycerides zeoforming is connected with the creation of precursors of hydrocarbon fuel biocomponents , which are formed in the hydroconversion stage of the process [8][9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zeoforming of Triglycerides Can Improve Some Properties of Hydrorefined Vegetable Oil Biocomponents

et al. 2014

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Rapeseed vegetable oil was initially zeoformed in the temperature range of 200°Cto 300°C and at a pressure of 1.7 MPa using catalyst containing ZSM-5, and the obtained zeoformates were subsequently converted into hydrocarbons (HVO: hydrorefined vegetable oil) through the process of hydroconversion. The resulting hydroraffinates (HVO fuel biocomponents) contained: n-paraffins, iso-paraffins and up to 15 % of aromatic compounds. It has been established that hydroraffinates containing aromatic compounds have good lowtemperature properties (cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of approximately -12°C) and a density of 825 kg/m 3 . The hydroraffinate obtained over the catalyst at the highest applied temperature (300°C) was characterised by a decreased initial boiling point of distillation (IBP) of 174°C (the IBP for the non-zeoformed oil hydroraffinate was 284°C) and an increased distillation final boiling point (the FBP) of approximately 379°C, which was higher than that of the nonhydroraffinate (337°C). Investigation of the obtained hydroraffinate properties led to the conclusion that the preliminary zeoforming process may cause the coupling (oligomerisation) of fatty acid chains and the creation of aromatic structures containing aliphatic functional groups.

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Catalytic conversion of canola oil to fuels and chemical feedstocks: Part II Effect of co‐feeding steam on the performance of HZSM‐5 catalyst

Cited by 35 publications

References 14 publications

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: the reactions of water and aromatic intermediates produces phenols

Optimizing the Production of Renewable Aromatics via Crop Oil Catalytic Cracking

Zeoforming of Triglycerides Can Improve Some Properties of Hydrorefined Vegetable Oil Biocomponents

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