Catalytic co-pyrolysis of rubber waste and polyacrylonitrile for producing BTEX enriched oil via heterogeneous Diels-Alder reaction

Pan, Yuhan; Song, Jiaxing; Lou, Fangfang; Xu, Jun; Zhou, Yuwei; Huang, Qunxing

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124028

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It is known that catalysts with strong Lewis and Brønsted acids promote the Diels–Alder reaction. The Lewis acids promote the Diels–Alder reaction of olefins to form six-membered rings, which is followed by dehydrogenation and dealkylation reactions on the Brønsted acid sites to form BTX and alkylbenzenes . The hydrogen transfer and dealkylation reactions of styrene were also promoted by the strong Brønsted acid sites in 2MZ.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of BTX via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Boards and Waste Tires Using Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites and Biochar

Kumagai

Saito

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The conversion of plastic wastes into benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX) is a promising strategy to achieve a circular economy and carbon neutrality. Here, the ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of epoxy-printed circuit boards (PCBs) and waste tires (WTs) was studied using hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites and biochar (BC). The results show that the alkali–acid treatment created the micromesoporous structures of zeolites with higher specific surface area, and the hierarchical zeolites promote BTX formation. Particularly, the ZSM-5 treated with 0.2 M NaOH (2MZ) resulted in a BTX yield 15.6 times larger than that obtained without catalysts; correspondingly, the yields of phenolic and brominated compounds were reduced. The BC promoted the depolymerization of PCB pyrolyzates and provided a debromination efficiency of 96%. The combination of BC and 2MZ resulted in the highest BTX yield without producing brominated compounds. Sequential experiments indicated that, by effectively removing bromine, BC helped maintain the catalytic activity of 2MZ. Additionally, the catalytic fast copyrolysis of PCBs and WTs resulted in an increased BTX yield and mitigated catalytic deactivation simultaneously. The proposed advanced catalytic fast copyrolysis with BC and hierarchical zeolites is a promising strategy for the environmentally friendly upcycling of heteroatom-containing plastic wastes toward BTX production.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of BTX via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Boards and Waste Tires Using Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites and Biochar

Kumagai

Saito

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Tuning the acidity in terms of acid type (Bro̷nsted or Lewis) and acid strength can enable control on olefin and aromatic selectivity, in which BTX aromatic production is associated with a high commercial value . Zeolites with Bro̷nsted and Lewis acid sites are studied in the aromatization reactions of biomass, − and plastic feedstock. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Polypropylene into Light Hydrocarbons and Aromatics by Metal Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts

Bozkurt,

Toraman

2024

Langmuir

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Polyolefins can be converted into C 2 −C 5 hydrocarbons and benzene−toluene− xylene (BTX) aromatics as high-demand petrochemical feedstocks via catalytic pyrolysis on acidic zeolites. Bro̷ nsted and Lewis acid sites are responsible for cracking polyolefins into olefins and subsequent aromatic formation. In this study, we have subjected the parent HZSM-5 zeolite to postsynthetic partial metal exchange with Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Ce cations to perturb Bro̷ nsted/ Lewis acidity. We have investigated these metal-modified HZSM-5 on the catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) in a micropyrolyzer connected to a two-dimensional gas chromatograph coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and flame ionization detector (Tandem Pyrolyzer-GC × GC-TOF-MS/FID setup). Whereas Fe-, Co-, Cu-, and Ce-exchanged zeolites (with 2.5, 2.3, 1.9, and 0.8 wt % metal, respectively) had comparable product yields with the parent zeolite, Ni-exchanged zeolites with Ni content of 0.5 to 2 wt % were associated with enhanced BTX formation (28−38 wt %) compared to that of the parent zeolite (22 wt %). Pyridine-FTIR indicated that the Bro̷ nsted/Lewis acid ratio of the parent zeolite decreased upon metal ion exchange. According to Pyridine-TPD, the parent zeolite's medium-strength acid sites were redistributed into weak and strong acid sites in Ni-exchanged zeolites. The higher amount of carbon deposits on Ni-exchanged zeolites compared to the parent and other metal ion exchanged zeolites was attributed to the enhanced aromatization activity by the simultaneous decrease in the Bro̷ nsted/Lewis acid ratio and emergence of strong acid sites.

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“…Waste tires have been used in processes such as retreating, grinding, incineration, material recovery, energy recovery and pyrolysis 12 . Blending crumb rubber beside asphalt for highway formation, burning for power and/or steam production, and reprocess in the making of plastic and rubber products as a filler are all traditional strategies for reducing waste tire stocks 13 . Nevertheless, these methods are matured as they are charged with economic-high capital and operating costs of amenities-and environmental tasks-toxic compounds emissions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Modelling and simulation of waste tire pyrolysis process for recovery of energy and production of valuable chemicals (BTEX)

Cao

Nakhjiri

Sarkar³

2023

Sci Rep

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The pyrolysis oil fraction is highly attractive for pyrolysis products. A simulated flowsheet model of a waste tire pyrolysis process is presented in this paper. A kinetic rate-based reaction model and equilibrium separation model are created in the Aspen Plus simulation package. The simulation model is effectively proven against experimental data of literature at temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 600 and 700 °C. Also, the developed model was employed to investigate the impact of temperature on the pyrolysis procedure and demonstrated that there is an optimum temperature for chain fractions. The optimum temperature to have the highest amount of limonene (as a precious chemical product of waste tire pyrolysis process) was found 500 °C. The findings indicated that the pyrolysis process is ecologically benign, although there is still space for development. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to see how altering the heating fuel in the process would affect the non-condensable gases produced in the process. Reactors and distillation columns in the Aspen Plus® simulation model was developed to assess the technical functioning of the process (e.g., upgrading the waste tires into limonene). Furthermore, this work focuses on the optimization of the operating and structure parameters of the distillation columns in the product separation unit. The PR-BM, as well as NRTL property models, were applied in the simulation model. The calculation of non-conventional components in the model was determined using HCOALGEN and DCOALIGT property models.

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Catalytic co-pyrolysis of rubber waste and polyacrylonitrile for producing BTEX enriched oil via heterogeneous Diels-Alder reaction

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Production of BTX via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Boards and Waste Tires Using Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites and Biochar

Production of BTX via Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Printed Circuit Boards and Waste Tires Using Hierarchical ZSM-5 Zeolites and Biochar

Conversion of Polypropylene into Light Hydrocarbons and Aromatics by Metal Exchanged Zeolite Catalysts

Modelling and simulation of waste tire pyrolysis process for recovery of energy and production of valuable chemicals (BTEX)

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