Catalytic co-pyrolysis of Eichhornia Crassipes biomaѕѕ and polyethylene using waste Fe and CaCO₃catalysts

Abstract

A wild aquatic plant, Eichhornia Crassipes, and polyethylene have been converted into liquid product thermo-catalytically and cost effectively through co-pyrolysis using batch steel pyrolyzer. The Fe and CaCO 3 catalysts were obtained as wastes from various mechanical processes. The catalytic process was compared with non-catalytic pyrolysis. The effect of various reaction conditions was investigated in order to find out the optimized process conditions. It was found that the favorable reaction conditions were 450°C temperature and 1-h reaction time at a heating rate of 1°C/s and 0.4-mm biomass particle size. The bio-oil yield was found to be 34.4% and 26.6% using Fe and CaCO 3 respectively with catalysts particle size of 0.4 mm at the optimized reaction conditions and 5 wt% of biomass. The non-catalytic and catalytic co-pyrolysis using Fe as catalyst produced 23.9% and 28.7% oil respectively. Thus the efficiency of processes in terms of bio-oil production was found in order of: Fe > CaCO 3 > non-catalytic pyrolysis. The GC/MS analysis of n-hexane extract of bio-oil shows that Fe catalyst favors formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons while CaCO 3 and non-catalytic pyrolysis favors formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Mostly unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons were formed in case of co-pyrolysis reactions. The calorific value of bio-oil was also measured in order to find out the fuel properties of the products.

Influence of metal (Fe/Zn) modified ZSM‐5 catalysts on product characteristics based on the bench‐scale pyrolysis and Py‐GC/MS of biomass

“…In addition, in a study of lignin‐catalyzed depolymerization, the highest lignin conversion rate of 47.6% was obtained by using a Mo‐based catalyst . It was reported the use of Fe and CaCO 3 as catalysts to copyrolyze Eichhornia crassipes biomass and polyethylene . The yields of bio‐oil under the optimal reaction conditions were found to reach 34.4% and 26.6%, respectively.…”

Preparation of upgraded bio‐oil using two‐step catalytic pyrolysis of fresh, putrefied, and microbe‐treated biomass

“…The use of wheat straw, rice husk, and other agricultural refuse is also reported by various workers [32,33]. Our group reported the use of aquatic plant water hyacinth as biomass due to its non-competitive nature with food and fodder crops as well as greater yield [34][35][36][37]. This plant is abundantly found around the world and is invasive in nature.…”

Assessment of low‐rank coal and biomass co‐pyrolysis system coupled with gasification

“…As shown in Figure 6, a small amount of CH 4 is released regardless of the S/C ratio when equivalence ratio is lower than 4. However, when the equivalence ratio exceeds 4, the CH 4 concentration dramatically increases along with equivalence ratio and reaches its peak (0.067) at the maximum value of equivalence ratio (20) and S/C ratio (0.45). Figure 4 shows that temperature decreases along with an increasing equivalence ratio and that the decline in temperature promotes the backward reaction of R-8 (endothermic reaction), which contributes to the increase of CH 4 fraction.…”