Catalog of Late Pennsylvanian ichthyoliths, part I

Tway, Linda E.; Zídek, Jiří

doi:10.1080/02724634.1982.10011937

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Utilitarian trend-coding of morphological features and creation of a numerical descriptor system: Such a description code can be manipulated by computers to give biostratigraphical data. This method was worked out using ichthyoliths from Tertiary and Mesozoic pelagic deposits, which rarely contain other useful fossils (Doyle & Riedel 1979), and later was applied to Late Carboniferous ichthyoliths from a great number of beds in North America (Tway 1979, 1984, Tway & Zidek 1982, 1983a. According to these authors, the system of utilitarian classification considerably facilitates the use of ichthyoliths for stratigraphical purposes and the solution of palaeoecological problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Methods for the Exoskeletal Remains of Early Vertebrates

Karatajūtē-Talimaa¹

2008

Fossil Record

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The exoskeleton, consisting of micromeric elements (odontodes) and their derivatives, is characteristic of the most ancient vertebrates. Great morphological and histological variability of discrete exoskeletal microremains makes it difficult to identify them. It is necessary to study not only separate scales or tesserae, but also to get a picture of the squamation in general, because species determined from discrete elements are understood as an assemblage of morphological types. For determination of discrete exoskeletal elements, their morphology, internal structure, defined tissue types of crown and basal plate, types (way) of their growth, system of vascular canals should be studied in addition changes occuring during ontogenetic development of both the dermal skeletal elements and the squamation should be taken in consideration. The material of different groups of early vertebrates (astraspids, tesakoviaspids, heterostracans, thelodonts, mongolepids, chondrichthyans and acanthodians), which were widely distributed in the Early Palaeozoic, are used as examples. ZusammenfassungEin Hautskelett aus mikromerischen Elementen (Odontodes) und davon abgeleiteten Formen ist fur die meisten fruhen Vertebraten kennzeichnend. GroBe rnorphologische und histologische Variabilitat der einzelnen Mikroreste des Hautskeletts bereitet bei ihrer Bestimmung Schwierigkeiten. Es ist notwendig, nicht nur isolierte Schuppen und Tesserae zu untersuchen, sondern man mu13 sich eine Vorstellung der gesamten Beschuppung verschaffen, da Arten bestimmt auf isoliertem Material als eine Ansammlung von morphologischen Typen verstanden werden mussen. Bei der Bestimmung isolierter Elemente des AuRenskeletts sollte man deren Morphologie, innere Struktur, Gewebetypen der Krone und Basalplatte, Arten des Wachstums, Anordnung der GefaBkanale und Veranderungen wahrend des Wachstums des Einzelelements und der Gesamtbeschuppung beriicksichtigen. Hautskelett-Elemente der verschiedenen Gruppen fruher Vertebraten (Astraspiden, Tesakoviaspiden, Heterostraken, Thelodontier, Mongolepiden, Chondrichthyer und Acanthodier), die im fruhen Palaozoikum weit verbreitet sind, werden als Beispiele benutzt.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination Methods for the Exoskeletal Remains of Early Vertebrates

Karatajūtē-Talimaa¹

2008

Fossil Record

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“…Similar scales are often illustrated for Mesozoic synechodontiforms and another Mesozoic to Recent neoselachians. The mentions of those scales from the Palaeozoic are occasional (Reif & Goto, 1979;Tway & Zidek, 1982;Schultze, 1985;Ivanov, 1999). Scales of type B.…”

Section: P R O V a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Permian chondrichthyans of the Middle and South Urals

Ivanov¹

2005

RBP

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-Very diverse Early Permian chondrichthyan assemblages occur in the Asselian to Artinskian of the Middle and South Urals. They include numerous symmoriid teeth of "Denaea" decora Ivanov, Cobelodus obliquus sp. nov., Stethacanthus and Denaea; the teeth of the ctenacanthoid Heslerodus; the teeth of the synechodontiform Synechodus antiquus sp. nov.; and the teeth of taxa of doubtful affinities -Adamantina foliacea Ivanov, Cooleyella cf. C. fordi (Duffin & Ward), Cooleyella sp. A., as well the scales and denticles of various types. Two new species, Cobelodus obliquus and Synechodus antiquus, are described herein. The Early Permian chondrichthyan assemblages of Urals include a few taxa occurring only in that interval, as well taxa which were distributed in the Carboniferous and persisted into the Early Permian, such as Stethacanthus, Cobelodus, Denaea, "Denaea", Lissodus, Heslerodus, "Symmorium", Petalodus, Cooleyella and Adamantina. This occurrence of a synechodontid is the oldest in the world. The symmoriid sharks disappeared in the Middle Permian. The Permian shark faunas of the Urals contain a diverse assemblage of symmoriids, ctenacanthiods and synechodontiforms, but there are no xenacanthids were common in the Permian assemblages of Western Europe and North America.

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“…Applying the utilitarian system suggested by Tway & Zidek (1982, 1983, the tubercles are type 64 (II) and subtype 200 (see Table 1). …”

Section: P R O V a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The denticles have been tentatively grouped and compared to types described in the literature (compare Figures 6-7 and Table 1). Since individual variability in the squamation of similar ctenacathoid sharks but also more derived Triassic sharks is completely unknown, we used utilitarian systems coded for identification of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ichthyoliths (Tway, 1979;Tway & Zidek, 1982) as well as denticles of taxa known as "biological entities". In particular, the morphological range was compared to the best known formal genera described from the Middle/Late Triassic Liard Formation of the Peace River area (British Columbia) (Johns 1996, Johns et al 1997.…”

Section: P R O V a Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyknotylacanthus spathianus gen. et sp. nov., a new ctenacanthoid from the Early Triassic of Bear Lake (Idaho, USA)

Mutter¹

2005

RBP

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-A fairly completely preserved finspine recovered in association with dermal denticles from the Early Triassic of Bear Lake County (Idaho, USA) represents the youngest unequivocal record of a Bythiacanthuslike shark (Ctenacanthoidea incertae sedis). The accompanying invertebrate fauna indicates a late Early Spathian age (Early Triassic). Comparison of the finspine with sparse Late Paleozoic records allows identification of predominantly plesiomorphic, "ctenacanthoid" characters such as shape and cross-section of the finspine, the concave posterior wall, and the stellate morphology of the tubercles. One presumably derived character, the large and densely spaced tubercles with reduced ornament, distinguishes Pyknotylacanthus gen. nov. from its Carboniferous predecessors. It is suggested that "Cosmacanthus humboldtensis" from the Middle Triassic West Humboldt range (Nevada, USA) may represent an even younger member of the same lineage. The sample of associated dermal denticles is difficult to interpret but believed to belong at least in part to the same individual. The variability of denticles exceeds the range of expected individual variation, and is discussed in detail.

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Catalog of Late Pennsylvanian ichthyoliths, part I

Cited by 18 publications

References 15 publications

Determination Methods for the Exoskeletal Remains of Early Vertebrates

Determination Methods for the Exoskeletal Remains of Early Vertebrates

Early Permian chondrichthyans of the Middle and South Urals

Pyknotylacanthus spathianus gen. et sp. nov., a new ctenacanthoid from the Early Triassic of Bear Lake (Idaho, USA)

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