Lebedev, O.A., Mark-Kurik, E., Karataj u t E -Talimaa, V.N., Luk ß evi ç s, E. and Ivanov, A. 2009. Bite marks as evidence of predation in early vertebrates. -Acta Zoologica (Stockholm), 90 (Suppl. 1): 344-356Study of lifetime bite traces on agnathans and fish (or gnathostomes) from Ukraine, Estonia, Latvia and north-western and central European Russia reveals evidence of predator-prey relationships in communities of Devonian age. Numerous bite traces on skeletal parts of agnathan pteraspidiforms and psammosteiforms, placoderm arthrodires and antiarchs and sarcopterygian porolepiforms and osteolepiforms are described. Evidence of healing shows that prey organisms responded to predation by reconstruction of damaged skeletal elements. Ichthyofaunistic analysis is used to establish possible predators. The most probable predators in the Middle and Late Devonian communities are sarcopterygian porolepiforms and osteolepiforms. Predatory tetrapods become evident during the Famennian. Global analysis of aquatic predators during the Silurian-Devonian interval shows a gradual increase in species numbers with time. During the Late Silurian, only ischnacantid acanthodians, early osteichthyans and sarcopterygians are known to belong to this trophic group. By the end of the Devonian this list is complemented by chondrichthyans, arthrodires, porolepiform, osteolepiform, struniiform and rhizodontiform sarcopterygians and tetrapods. Only Devonian agnathans show no predatory groups. In sarcopterygians, predatory dentitions, which developed according to more or less the same pattern, show little change during the Devonian.
-Very diverse Early Permian chondrichthyan assemblages occur in the Asselian to Artinskian of the Middle and South Urals. They include numerous symmoriid teeth of "Denaea" decora Ivanov, Cobelodus obliquus sp. nov., Stethacanthus and Denaea; the teeth of the ctenacanthoid Heslerodus; the teeth of the synechodontiform Synechodus antiquus sp. nov.; and the teeth of taxa of doubtful affinities -Adamantina foliacea Ivanov, Cooleyella cf. C. fordi (Duffin & Ward), Cooleyella sp. A., as well the scales and denticles of various types. Two new species, Cobelodus obliquus and Synechodus antiquus, are described herein. The Early Permian chondrichthyan assemblages of Urals include a few taxa occurring only in that interval, as well taxa which were distributed in the Carboniferous and persisted into the Early Permian, such as Stethacanthus, Cobelodus, Denaea, "Denaea", Lissodus, Heslerodus, "Symmorium", Petalodus, Cooleyella and Adamantina. This occurrence of a synechodontid is the oldest in the world. The symmoriid sharks disappeared in the Middle Permian. The Permian shark faunas of the Urals contain a diverse assemblage of symmoriids, ctenacanthiods and synechodontiforms, but there are no xenacanthids were common in the Permian assemblages of Western Europe and North America.
Vertebrate remains including chondrichthyans were found in the Devonian/Early Carboniferous carbonate beds on the western and eastern slopes of the South Urals. Some of the Late Devonian forms (species of Phoebodus , acanthodians ( Devononchus ), placoderms and onychodontid sarcopterygians) disappear by the middle Siphonodella praesulcata conodont Zone. The ichthyoassemblages are considerably replenished by the new chondrichthyan taxa in the Polygnathus communis carina and Gnathodus texanus-Mestognathus beckmanni conodont Zones. The chondrichthyans were abundant among the vertebrate faunas of deep-water facies. A new species of chondrichthyan Protacrodus aequalis from the Late Famennian-early Tournaisian of the south Urals is described.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.