“…The spin‐orbit split energy has been around 6 eV for the material. All the binding energy values that existed in the present study are in line with the earlier literature 29–31 . The oxygen binding energy O1s is superposed about 530.7 eV with additional two peaks on lower and higher sides; it is exposed in Figure 7C.…”
The pure crystalline cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using optimized content of Ce(NO3)3. 6H2O with varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 M) as a precipitation agent in presence of 2.5 wt% poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP. All the samples are prepared via the modified coprecipitation technique. The synthesized materials have been analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), laser Raman, high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (HR‐SEM), and photo luminescence (PL) analyses. The optimized sample was identified with the help of the above studies that could be analyzed through transverse electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The cubic structure with the Fm‐3 m space group has been confirmed through XRD (JCPDS: 81‐0792) and Raman analyses. The FT‐IR and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses ascertain the occurrence of Ce and O species. The as‐prepared CeO2 filler (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) is dispersed through the optimized polymer electrolyte Poly (styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–lithium perchloride (LiClO4) (8 wt%)–ethylene carbonate + propylene carbonate (EC + PC) (1;1 of 65 wt%) complex system using solution casting technique. P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–LiClO4 (8 wt%)–EC + PC (1;1 of 65 wt%)–6 wt% of CeO2 shows the high ionic conductivity 8.13 × 10−4 S cm−1.
“…The spin‐orbit split energy has been around 6 eV for the material. All the binding energy values that existed in the present study are in line with the earlier literature 29–31 . The oxygen binding energy O1s is superposed about 530.7 eV with additional two peaks on lower and higher sides; it is exposed in Figure 7C.…”
The pure crystalline cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were synthesized using optimized content of Ce(NO3)3. 6H2O with varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 M) as a precipitation agent in presence of 2.5 wt% poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP. All the samples are prepared via the modified coprecipitation technique. The synthesized materials have been analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), laser Raman, high‐resolution scanning electron microscope (HR‐SEM), and photo luminescence (PL) analyses. The optimized sample was identified with the help of the above studies that could be analyzed through transverse electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. The cubic structure with the Fm‐3 m space group has been confirmed through XRD (JCPDS: 81‐0792) and Raman analyses. The FT‐IR and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses ascertain the occurrence of Ce and O species. The as‐prepared CeO2 filler (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%) is dispersed through the optimized polymer electrolyte Poly (styrene‐co‐methyl methacrylate) P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–lithium perchloride (LiClO4) (8 wt%)–ethylene carbonate + propylene carbonate (EC + PC) (1;1 of 65 wt%) complex system using solution casting technique. P(S‐MMA) (27 wt%)–LiClO4 (8 wt%)–EC + PC (1;1 of 65 wt%)–6 wt% of CeO2 shows the high ionic conductivity 8.13 × 10−4 S cm−1.
“…The lattice parameter previously reported for cubic CeO 2 is a = 5.411 Å, whereas in this work, a calculated value of 5.41417 Å was obtained. According to Ferreira et al, the lattice expansion of CeO 2 can be attributed to the reduction of Ce 4+ to Ce 3+ , which involves a decrease in electrostatic force [ 31 ]. Fig.…”
In this work, nanostructured CeO2 microspheres with high surface area and mesoporosity were prepared by the coprecipitation method, in absence of a template. The reaction between cerium nitrate and concentrated formic acid produced cerium formate, at room temperature. Further, calcination at 300 °C yielded single-phase CeO2 microspheres, with a diameter in the range 0.5–2.6 μm, the surface of these microspheres is completely nanostructured (diameter about 30–90 nm). CeO2 microspheres were used to fabricate a sensor device, and it was tested for intermediate CO gas concentrations (200–800 ppm). The detection of 200 ppm carbon monoxide was observed at 275 °C, with a response time of 9 s, using an applied frequency of 100 kHz. The detection of changes on the CO gas concentration was studied at different temperatures and applied frequencies. The results revealed a reproducible and stable gas sensing response.
“…The process involves conversion of monomers into a colloidal solution (sol) that acts as the precursor for an integrated network of discrete particles. Xiao et al [27] has synthesized hierarchical CeO 2 nanocrystal by sol-gel method, Ferreira et al [28] have synthesized CeO 2 nanomaterials with native cassava starch as size limiting chelating agent and Yu et al [29] have synthesize uniform size CeO 2 nanocrystal with spherical, wire and tadpole shape. The solvent plays an essential role in the precursor material transformation.…”
Shape-control ceria (CeO 2 ) nanomaterial has drawn more attention in recent years due to their excellent physicochemical properties and applications. The method of shapecontrolling synthesis of metal nano-catalysts are determined by the necessities of the application. Present review focused on the brief description of current research activities and their emphasis on the synthesis approaches of shape-controlled of CeO 2 nanostructures and their wastewaters treatment applications. Most of the favorable strategies of shape-controlled synthesis of CeO 2 nanomaterial applicable for photocatalysis degradation of organic pollutant containing wastewater treatments are divided into the following three sections: (i) the use of a shaped CeO 2 nanomaterial; (ii) doped CeO 2 nanomaterials with other materials; and (iii) CeO 2 as a dopant in many materials. In the last part of review, we have provided challenges associated with shapecontrol synthesis of CeO 2 nanomaterials.
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