Case to case spread of cryptosporidiosis; Evidence from a day nursery outbreak

Hannah, Janet; Riordan, Terrance P.

doi:10.1016/s0033-3506(88)80023-4

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We did not explicitly ask about contact with children aged <5 years (or having a child attend daycare) in the case questionnaire, but this has been found to be a significant risk factor for cryptosporidiosis in both UK and USA studies [33, 34]. Because of its higher incidence in young children, Cryptosporidium can be easily transmitted in the home, nurseries or daycare settings and schools [35, 36]. A number of outbreaks have been associated with diapered infants and daycare attendance [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified case-control study of cryptosporidiosis (using non-Cryptosporidium-infected enteric cases as controls) in a community setting

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Data from the first sentinel site (Waterloo Region, Ontario) of the Canadian Integrated Enteric Disease Surveillance System (C-EnterNet) were used in a secondary-based case-control study of laboratory-confirmed Cryptosporidium infections to study the role of various exposure factors. The incidence of cryptosporidiosis in Waterloo Region was almost double both the provincial and national rates. Persons ill with one of nine other enteric infections (amoebiasis, campylobacteriosis, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, listeriosis, salmonellosis, shigellosis, verotoxigenic E. coli infections, yersiniosis) captured by the surveillance system were used as the control group. Of 1204 cases of enteric illness in the sentinel area between April 2005 and December 2007, 36 cases and 803 controls were selected after excluding outbreak and international travel-related cases. Univariable analyses (Pearson chi2 and Fisher's exact tests) and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results of the multivariable analysis found that cryptosporidiosis was associated with swimming in a lake or river (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4), drinking municipal water (a potential surrogate for urban respondents vs. rural) (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.04-5.7), and having a family member with a diarrhoeal illness (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.4).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modified case-control study of cryptosporidiosis (using non-Cryptosporidium-infected enteric cases as controls) in a community setting

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is not surprising and is biologically plausible considering the route of transmission. Furthermore, it is well recognized as a source of secondary transmission according to previous research [22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-control studies of sporadic cryptosporidiosis in Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia

et al. 2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Few studies have assessed risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis in industrialized countries, even though it may be numerically more common than outbreaks of disease. We carried out case-control studies assessing risk factors for sporadic disease in Melbourne and Adelaide, which have water supplies from different ends of the raw water spectrum. In addition to examining drinking water, we assessed several other exposures. 201 cases and 795 controls were recruited for Melbourne and 134 cases and 536 controls were recruited for Adelaide. Risk factors were similar for the two cities, with swimming in public pools and contact with a person with diarrhoea being most important. The consumption of plain tap water was not found to be associated with disease. This study emphasizes the need for regular public health messages to the public and swimming pool managers in an attempt to prevent sporadic cryptosporidiosis, as well as outbreaks of disease.

show abstract

“…Person-to-person transmission is now recognized to be common, thus confirming the hypothesis that cryptosporidiosis is not necessarily a zoonosis [12]. Infection is transmitted within families [53,88,[144][145][146][147][148] in day-care centres [53,144,145,[149][150][151][152], and elsewhere in an urban environment [53,59,[153][154][155][156][157][158][159]. Opportunities for the spread of enteric infections in some Western urban day-care centres may rival those in some Third-World countries [103].…”

Section: Urban or Npon-zoonotic Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 92%