“…Although solar irradiation on the horizontal surface was at its maximum in June and July, the most advantageous month for output power was August due to the average monthly sunshine duration During the operation of the system, the excess of energy was 1833 kWh/year, which represented 31.66% of the total PV production. The excess energy could be harnessed either in the charging station by adding storage batteries for EV charging, in the maintenance of the charging station, or for other types of applications [41], such as lighting, charging electronic devices, agricultural activities, electricity supply for irrigation, and greenhouses [42], which generate additional costs, either by injecting electricity into the grid network if possible.…”