Case series: Reinfection of recovered SARS CoV‐2 patients for the third time

Hasanzadeh, Sepideh; Shariatmaghani, Somayeh Sadat; Vakilian, Atefeh; Javan, Alireza; Rahmani, Mahsa; Ganjloo, Sara; Jangi, Mahbubeh; Jamehdar, Saeid Amel

doi:10.1002/ccr3.4936

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An individual with past COVID-19 infection is less likely to suffer re-infection (Hansen et al, 2021), but it is not clear whether an individual with two previous infections of COVID-19 may suffer from a third infection. An anecdotal case series has shown the occurrence of a third infection (Hasanzadeh et al, 2021). According to a study of vaccine breakthrough participants who had a breakthrough infection tended to have a lower IgG level and lower NT 50 (Bergwerk et al, 2021), suggesting that an individual who has a lower antibody titer might be more easily re-infected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in an individual with history of COVID-19 re-infection

Inada

Ishikane

Terada

et al. 2022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody responses after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in an individual with history of COVID-19 re-infection

Inada

Ishikane

Terada

et al. 2022

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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“…Viral genomic sequencing (showing that distinct viral lineages infected the same individual more than once) eventually proved beyond reasonable doubt that reinfection occurs, but it was still initially seen as an exotic and surprising phenomenon [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Since then, however, reinfection has been proven to be far from a rare phenomenon as a large body of case reports has accumulated from around the world [28-121], most recently including even cases of third infections [38,122,123].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

et al. 2022

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. Methods We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. Results For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.

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“…1 Since then, however, reinfection has been proven to be far from a rare phenomenon as a large body of case reports has accumulated from around the world , most recently including even cases of third infections 38,123,124 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viral genomic sequencing (showing that distinct viral lineages infected the same individual more than once) eventually proved beyond reasonable doubt that reinfection occurs, but it was still initially seen as an exotic and surprising phenomenon 21–27 . Since then, however, reinfection has been proven to be far from a rare phenomenon as a large body of case reports has accumulated from around the world 28–122 , most recently including even cases of third infections 38,123,124 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

Marinov

Младенов

Rangachev

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on the world over the past two years (2020-2021). One of the key questions about its future trajectory is the protection from subsequent infections and disease conferred by a previous infection, as the SARS-CoV-2 virus belongs to the coronaviruses, a group of viruses the members of which are known for their ability to reinfect convalescent individuals. Bulgaria, with high rates of previous infections combined with low vaccination rates and an elderly population, presents a somewhat unique context to study this question. Methods: We use detailed governmental data on registered COVID-19 cases to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 reinfections in Bulgaria in the period between March 2020 and early December 2021. Results: For the period analyzed, a total of 4,106 cases of individuals infected more than once were observed, including 31 cases of three infections and one of four infections. The number of reinfections increased dramatically during the Delta variant-driven wave of the pandemic towards the end of 2021. We observe a moderate reduction of severe outcomes (hospitalization and death) in reinfections relative to primary infections, and a more substantial reduction of severe outcomes in breakthrough infections in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions: In the available datasets from Bulgaria, prior infection appears to provide some protection from severe outcomes, but to a lower degree than the reduction in severity of breakthrough infections in the vaccinated compared to primary infections in the unvaccinated.

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Case series: Reinfection of recovered SARS CoV‐2 patients for the third time

Abstract: This set of cases provides important evidence of re‐infection and recurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 even for the third time. Consequently, this possibility should be considered more in recurrent patients with Covid‐19 symptoms.

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Antibody responses after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in an individual with history of COVID-19 re-infection

Antibody responses after two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in an individual with history of COVID-19 re-infection

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during the first three major COVID-19 waves in Bulgaria

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