Case–control study of neurocognitive function in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: An association with mania

Cavanagh, Jonathan; Beck, M. Van; Muir, Walter; Blackwood, Douglas

doi:10.1192/bjp.180.4.320

Cited by 222 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A substantial number of studies have now confirmed that many patients with BD have cognitive impairment that persists into the euthymic state. [154][155][156][157][158][159] Impairment has been demonstrated in sustained attention, 160 working memory and executive function, 155 global cognitive functioning, 154 visuospatial recognition memory, 161 problem-solving strategies, 156 declarative memory, 157 and cognitive processing speed. 162 The fact that such impairment is detectable independent of clinical state is suggestive of a trait marker, but factors such as the neuropsychological deterioration secondary to acute episodes of illness, medication treatment, and/or withdrawal effects, long-term effects of comorbid conditions such as substance abuse, or the effect of unrecognized neurobiological changes such as dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis could all contribute to performance deficits in the euthymic state.…”

Section: Cognitive Endophenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

2005

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The search for susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder (BD) depends on appropriate definitions of the phenotype. In this paper, we review data on diagnosis and clinical features of BD that could be used in genetic studies to better characterize patients or to define homogeneous subgroups. Clinical symptoms, long-term course, comorbid conditions, and response to prophylactic treatment may define groups associated with more or less specific loci. One such group is characterized by symptoms of psychosis and linkage to 13q and 22q. A second group includes mainly bipolar II patients with comorbid panic disorder, rapid mood switching, and evidence of chromosome 18 linkage. A third group comprises typical BD with an episodic course and favourable response to lithium prophylaxis. Reproducibility of cognitive deficits across studies raises the possibility of using cognitive profiles as endophenotypes of BD, with deficits in verbal explicit memory and executive function commonly reported. Brain imaging provides a more ambiguous data set consistent with heterogeneity of the illness. Keywords: bipolar disorder; genetics; endophenotype; neurocognitive function; brain imaging Bipolar disorder (BD) has a genetic basis with heritability of at least 80%. 1 A number of studies have attempted to map the susceptibility loci giving evidence of linkage in multiple genomic regions. In particular, findings in 4p, 4q, 8q, 10p, 12q24, 13q, 18p, 18q, 21q, and 22q have been supported by more than one study. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] However, these studies have not identified any specific genes, and a recent metaanalysis of available genome scans showed no regions with a conclusive evidence of linkage. 20 The relatively slow progress of gene-mapping efforts is often explained by the 'complex' nature of the illness and of the genotype-phenotype relation. The complexity most likely includes heterogeneity, interactions of multiple loci, incomplete penetrance, as well as phenotypes resulting from environmental effects-either alone or in interaction with the genetic predisposition. The goal of psychiatric genetic research is identification of (heritable) variations in DNA sequence or function that influence behaviour or give rise to mental illness. By definition, in complex (multifactorial) traits, this link is not unique and specific. That is, a particular change in gene sequence does not necessarily lead to a specific behaviour, and similar behaviours (symptoms) may be due to distinct (sets of) genes. Moreover, we must consider the possibility that the path between the genotype and behaviour is not unidirectional. Emerging examples point not only to general effects of environment, for instance stress, on behaviour, but also to specific behaviours influencing gene function that can be transmitted onto the next generation. 21 No single method is considered clearly superior in identifying susceptibility genes for complex traits such as BD. Most researchers agree that a combination of strategies is most lik...

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Section: Cognitive Endophenotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenotypes of bipolar disorder: relevance for genetic investigations

2005

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“…Yazında, hastalık süresi uzadıkça yürütücü işlevler, görsel mekansal bellek ve sözel bellekte bozulmanın arttığı bildirilmiştir. En tutarlı ortak bulgu sözel bellekteki bozulmalarla ilişkilidir (1,11,40,41,(45)(46)(47) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Yazında manik dönem sayısı ile bilişsel işlevler arasında negatif ilişki rapor eden çalışmalarda manik dönemlerin tutarlı bir şekilde sözel bellek ve yürütücü işlev testlerinde bozulma ile bağlantılı olduğu gösterilmiştir (11,15,45,46). Bizim çalışmamızda da bu çalışmalarla benzer sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

İki̇ Uçlu Duygudurum Bozukluğu Tanili Hastalarin Depresyon, Eşi̇kalti Depresyon Ve İyi̇li̇k Dönemleri̇ni̇n Nöropsi̇koloji̇k Açidan Karşilaştirilmasi

Temur¹,

Güleç²,

Akarsu³

et al. 2016

Osmangazi̇ Journal of Medicine

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“…Some research on bipolar showed negative correlations between number of depressive episodes and executive functions [16,41,42]. Verbal learning was correlated with number of depressive episodes [63] or not [42,52]. Number of manic episodes was connected with worse results in verbal tests and worsening in executive functions tests [16,41,52,54,62,63] and visual memory [88].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Cognitive Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cognitive impairments result not only from affective disturbances (manic, depression phases) -they are also detectable during the phase free of affective symptoms (remission) Factors associated with cognitive dysfunction in bipolars might be the number of episodes [1,38,54], mainly the number of manic episodes [16,41,52,54,69,70], chronicity [53,54], residual affective symptoms, especially depressive ones [27,38]. Clinical factors associated with cognitive impairment in bipolar patients are medicines such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants and neuroleptics.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Cognitive Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%