Cascade charge transfer enabled by incorporating edge-enriched graphene nanoribbons for mesostructured perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance

Meng, Xiangtong; Cui, Xun; Rager, Matthew; Zhang, Shuguang; Wang, Zewei; Yu, Jeong Seon; Harn, Yeu Wei; Kang, Zhitao; Wagner, B. K.; Liu, Yang; Yu, Chang; Qiu, Jieshan; Lin, Zhiqun

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.07.028

Cited by 135 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Figure 4c ompares the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis on the TiO 2 -and TiO 2 -HCl-based devices.T he semicircle at low frequency (high Z')isassigned to the charge recombination resistance, R rec . [32] Clearly,t he TiO 2 -HCl-based device has al arger R rec ,i mplying that the recombination of electrons and holes at the interface of TiO 2 and perovskite is retarded, which is in good agreement with the PL results (Figure 3a). Thee lectron transport and recombination time of PSCs were further analyzed by controlled intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (CIMPS), which measures the photocurrent as af unction of incident illumination intensity at 0V bias.R epresentative Nyquist and Bode plots of CIMPS for the two types of devices are given in the Supporting Information, Figure S10.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 82%

Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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The ability to effectively transfer photoexcited electrons and holes is an important endeavor towardachieving high-efficiency solar energy conversion. Now,asimple yet robust acid-treatment strategy is used to judiciously create an amorphous TiO 2 buffer layer intimately situated on the anatase TiO 2 surface as an electron-transport layer (ETL) for efficient electron transport. The facile acid treatment is capable of weakening the bonding of zigzag octahedral chains in anatase TiO 2 ,therebyshortening staggered octahedron chains to form an amorphous buffer layer on the anatase TiO 2 surface.S uch amorphous TiO 2 -coated ETL possesses an increased electron density owingt ot he presence of oxygen vacancies,l eading to efficient electron transfer from perovskite to TiO 2 .C ompared to pristine TiO 2 -based devices,the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with acid-treated TiO 2 ETL exhibit an enhanced short-circuit current and power conversion efficiency.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiesupporting

confidence: 82%

Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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“…One of these methods is the use of carbon nanotubes. Unzipping CNTs create GNRs [42]. However, for the use of carbon nanomaterials as a reinforcement phase, the surface of these materials must contain chemical agents, such as graphene oxide surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene oxide is reduced by methods such as the hydrothermal process, and its mechanical properties are improved [43,44]. Unzipping the CNTs chemically also makes graphene oxide nanoribbons (GONRs) [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Applicable in Biomedicine and Theranostics

Nosrati

Sarraf-Mamoory

Ahmadi

et al. 2020

JNT

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In order to investigate the effect of graphene nanoribbons on the final properties of hydroxyapatite-based nanocomposites, a solvothermal method was used at 180 °C and 5 h for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons–hydroxyapatite nanopowders by employing hydrogen gas injection. Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and diammonium hydrogenphosphate were used as calcium and phosphate precursors, respectively. To synthesize the powders, a solvent containing diethylene glycol, anhydrous ethanol, dimethylformamide, and water was used. Graphene oxide nanoribbons were synthesized by chemical unzipping of carbon nanotubes under oxidative conditions. The synthesized powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering methodat 950 °C and a pressure of 50 MPa. The powders and sintered samples were then evaluated using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Vickers microindentation techniques, and biocompatibility assay. The findings of this study showed that the final powders synthesized by the solvothermal method had calcium to phosphate ratio of about 1.67. By adding a small amount of graphene nanoribbon (0.5%W), elastic modulus and hardness of hydroxyapatite increased dramatically. In biological experiments, the difference of hydroxyapatite effect in comparison with the nanocomposite was not significant. The findings of this study showed that graphene nanoribbons have a positive effect on the properties of hydroxyapatite, and these findings would be useful for the medical and theranostic application of this type of nanocomposites.

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“…[24][25][26] The most common carbon-based materials used in the PSC field are graphite/amorphous carbon, graphene, and CNTs. They represent a suitable solution to substitute noble metals, due to their low cost, high conductivity, eventual low-temperature processing (100 1C) 1,27,28 and work function close to that of gold (5.0 and 5.1 eV, respectively). 29,30 Another advantage of carbon-based components reflects on perovskite degradation in the presence of water, that leads to the formation of the hydrated phases CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ÁH 2 O and (CH 3 NH 3 ) 4 PbI 6 Á2H 2 O; 31 while the formation of the monohydrate phase is reversible, the dihydrate phase degrades irreversibly to yellow PbI 2 and CH 3 NH 3 I.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

Fagiolari

Bella

2019

Energy Environ. Sci.

245

188

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Almost ten years after their first use in the photovoltaic (PV) field, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are now hybrid devices that, in addition to having reached silicon performance, can accelerate the energy transition and boost the use of abundant elements for their manufacturing process. However, noble metals (in particular gold) represent the most typically used sources for back electrode fabrication, and this issue has been intensively considered by the research community in the last five years. This review shows how the most promising solution, considering also the need to develop a large-scale production process, is based on the use of carbon-based materials for the preparation of back electrodes. Graphite, carbon black, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed, functionalized and characterized, leading to laboratory-scale solar cells and modules capable of providing excellent efficiencies and ensuring stability greater than those of gold-based devices. Strengthened by these results and its hydrophobizing properties, carbon has also started to be used as an electron transporting material (ETM), with excellent results on both rigid and flexible substrates. This review discusses the major advances and the updated state-of-the-art in the carbon-based PSC scenario, keeping a solid trajectory where the accessibility, low cost, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and controllable porosity of carbon are highlighted and exploited in the design of upscalable hybrid solar cells. Broader contextToday, more than 75% of the world energy demand is met by traditional, non-sustainable energy resources, mainly based on coal, natural gas and oil. Photovoltaics represents a concrete action to mitigate fossil fuel consumption, and among all the developed solar cells, perovskite-based ones have shown the highest increase in terms of efficiency (currently above 25%). Halide perovskites, as a family of new-generation semiconductor materials, are also exploitable for light-emitting devices, photodetectors and memristors, but their use in photovoltaics gives rise to outstanding performances. Here, photogenerated charges pass through electron/hole transporting materials and are transferred to the external circuit by front and back electrodes. While the front electrode is a common conductive glass, many issues are now under study concerning the back electrode, traditionally made of gold. Indeed, replacing this expensive metal with a much cheaper alternative is vital for realizing affordable solar technologies. Carbon, in its multiple forms, represents the winning solution and the scientific community has recently shown its large scale processability, its power as a stability booster and some interesting effects at the perovskite/electrode interface. This review shows how carbon is becoming the winning ingredient for the scaling up and worldwide diffusion of perovskite solar cells.

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Cascade charge transfer enabled by incorporating edge-enriched graphene nanoribbons for mesostructured perovskite solar cells with enhanced performance

Cited by 135 publications

References 50 publications

Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells

Unconventional Route to Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Enabled Highly Efficient Electron Extraction and Transport in Perovskite Solar Cells

Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons–Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposite Applicable in Biomedicine and Theranostics

Carbon-based materials for stable, cheaper and large-scale processable perovskite solar cells

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