Cartilage Differentiation of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Three-Dimensional Silica Nonwoven Fabrics

Abstract

In cartilage tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds provide native extracellular matrix (ECM) environments that induce tissue ingrowth and ECM deposition for in vitro and in vivo tissue regeneration. In this report, we investigated 3D silica nonwoven fabrics (Cellbed®) as a scaffold for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cartilage tissue engineering applications. The unique, highly porous microstructure of 3D silica fabrics allows for immediate cell infiltration for tissue repair and orientation of cell–cell interaction. It is expected that the morphological similarity of silica fibers to that of fibrillar ECM contributes to the functionalization of cells. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs were cultured in 3D silica fabrics, and chondrogenic differentiation was induced by culture in chondrogenic differentiation medium. The characteristics of chondrogenic differentiation including cellular growth, ECM deposition of glycosaminoglycan and collagen, and gene expression were evaluated. Because of the highly interconnected network structure, stiffness, and permeability of the 3D silica fabrics, the level of chondrogenesis observed in MSCs seeded within was comparable to that observed in MSCs maintained on atelocollagen gels, which are widely used to study the chondrogenesis of MSCs in vitro and in vivo. These results indicated that 3D silica nonwoven fabrics are a promising scaffold for the regeneration of articular cartilage defects using MSCs, showing the particular importance of high elasticity.

Utility of direct 3D co-culture model for chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on hyaluronan scaffold (Hyaff-11)

“…We may conclude that culture conditions are an essential factor for chondrogenic potential. This observation may be supported by other data which revealed that microenvironmental factors in a co-culture system may enhance the cooperation between different subpopulations of cells, and the interactions between them are important for their growth and differentiation [ 1 , 11 , 21 , 35 , 36 , 41 ].…”

Cell Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…This trend is also suggested by the expression of osteocalcin (OCN) ( Figure 6 b). Moreover, MSC on SNF dominantly differentiated into chondrogenic cell, as compared with conventional spheroid and atelocollagen gel culture [ 61 ]. These results suggested that 3D SNFs are potential scaffolds for tissue engineered osteochondral construct, originated from highly porous and elastic SNF characters.…”

Synthesis of Silica-Based Solid-Acid Catalyst Material as a Potential Osteochondral Repair Model In Vitro

“…With continued catalyst development, Pourghasemi-Lati and colleagues (Pourghasemi-Lati et al, 2018) immobilized butane-1-sulfonic acid on magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles for the synthesis of 5-arylidine barbituric acids and pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, silica-based biomaterials have been widely studied in bone and cartilage tissue engineering due to high mechanical stiffness, high biocompatibility, and special bioactivities including stimulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis by enhancing corresponding gene expressions (Li et al, 2000;Du et al, 2015;Ishikawa et al, 2018). For example, silica based inorganic/organic hybrids could promote collagen Type II, Sox9 and Aggrecan production from chondrocytes (Nelson et al, 2021) or have mechanically strong and elastic characteristics (Yu et al, 2021).…”