Cell Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Currently, well-known surgical procedures for bone defects are classified into four types: (1) autogenous bone graft transplantation, (2) allogeneic bone graft transplantation, (3) xenogeneic bone graft transplantation, and (4) artificial bone graft transplantation. However, they are often risky procedures and related to postoperative complications. As an alternative, tissue engineering to regenerate new bone often involves the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from bone marrow, adipose tissues, and so on, which are cultured into three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to regenerate bone tissue by osteoinductive signaling. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of recent treatment of bone defects and the studies on the creation of cell scaffolds for bone regeneration. Bone regeneration from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells using silica nonwoven fabric by the authors’ group were provided. Potential application and future direction of the present systems were also described.

In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of PLLA-316L Stainless Steel Electromechanical Devices for Bone Tissue Engineering—A Preliminary Study

“…Devices were further assessed as to their cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation ability with hDPSCs cell population, compared to gold standard SS/SIL devices. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been widely applied in regenerative medicine [ 38 ], including bone tissue engineering, due to their proliferative and differentiation capabilities [ 26 , 39 , 40 ]. The hDPSCs potential towards bone tissue regeneration has been previously described [ 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

Chitosan-Based Scaffold for Mineralized Tissues Regeneration

“…(4) Interconnected porosities with pores ranging from 200 to 350 µm for successful diffusion of essential nutrients, waste transfer, and angiogenesis. (5) Controlled deliverability for releasing the appropriate dose of bioactive molecules (growth factors, genes, or drugs) directly in the desired tissue area [9][10][11]13,14].…”

Characterization of Osteogenesis and Chondrogenesis of Human Decellularized Allogeneic Bone with Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow, Adipose Tissue, and Wharton’s Jelly

“…Although ACI is the standard treatment of osteochondral defects, rapid dedifferentiation of chondrocytes is the drawback when expanded in vitro [4]. MSCs can be alternatives to chondrocytes, and revitalizing various 3D porous scaffolds with MSCs have demonstrated efficient regeneration of bone and cartilage [5,6]. MSCs are spindle-shaped and plastic-adherent cells.…”