Carry-Over Effects of Water and Nutrient Supply on Water Use of Pinus taeda

Ewers, B. E.; Oren, Ram; Albaugh, Timothy J.; Dougherty, Phillip M.

doi:10.2307/2641141

Cited by 42 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Technical limitations, the remote locations of some sites, and cost associated with in situ transpiration measurements (e.g., Oren et al 1996;Ewers et al 1999) precluded the ability to sample a large number of desert and montane stands. However, sites within each climate group exhibit identical patterns of biomass allocation and physiology (Callaway et al 1994;Carey et al 1998).…”

Section: Study Sites and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation on water transport and storage in ponderosa pine

2001

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Conifers decrease the amount of biomass apportioned to leaves relative to sapwood in response to increasing atmospheric evaporative demand. We determined how these climate-driven shifts in allocation affect the aboveground water relations of ponderosa pine growing in contrasting arid (desert) and humid (montane) climates. To support higher transpiration rates, a low leaf:sapwood area ratio (A L /A S ) in desert versus montane trees could increase leaf-specific hydraulic conductance (K L ). Alternatively, a high sapwood volume:leaf area ratio in the desert environment may increase the contribution of stored water to transpiration. Transpiration and hydraulic conductance were determined by measuring sap flow (J S ) and shoot water potential during the summer (June-July) and fall (August-September). The daily contribution of stored water to transpiration was determined using the lag between the beginning of transpiration from the crown at sunrise and J S . In the summer, mean maximum J S was 31.80±5.74 and 24.34±3.05 g m -2 s -1 for desert and montane trees (a 30.6% difference), respectively. In the fall, J S was 25.33±8.52 and 16.36±4.64 g m -2 s -1 in desert and montane trees (a 54.8% difference), respectively. J S was significantly higher in desert relative to montane trees during summer and fall (P<0.05). Predawn and midday shoot water potential and sapwood relative water content did not differ between environments. Desert trees had a 129% higher K L than montane trees in the summer (2.41×10 -5 versus 1.05×10 -5 kg m -2 s -1 MPa -1 , P<0.001) and a 162% higher K L in the fall (1.97×10 -5 versus 0.75×10 -5 kg m -2 s -1 MPa -1 , P<0.001). Canopy conductance decreased with D in all trees at all measurement periods (P<0.05). Maximum g C was 3.91 times higher in desert relative to montane trees averaged over the summer and fall. Water storage capacity accounted for 11 kg (11%) and 10.6 kg (17%) of daily transpiration in the summer and fall, respectively, and did not differ between desert and montane trees. By preventing xylem tensions from reaching levels that cause xylem cavitation, high K L in desert ponderosa pine may facilitate its avoidance. Thus, the primary benefit of low leaf:sapwood allocation in progressively arid environments is to increase K L and not to increase the contribution of stored water to transpiration.

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Section: Study Sites and Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculation of K L was therefore dependent on direct measurements of sap flow, [Ψ P -Ψ M ], and A L /A S as a scalar (Ewers et al 1999). Because A L /A S does not vary with tree size in desert and montane trees (Callaway et al 1994;R.M.…”

Section: Whole-tree Hydraulic Conductancementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation on water transport and storage in ponderosa pine

2001

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“…This was primarily a result of our incorporating Chen et al, 1997aChen et al, , 1997bEwers et al, 1999;Lawson et al, 2001;Lee et al, 1997;Mayeux et al, 1997;Mullholland et al, 1997Mullholland et al, , 1998Rowland-Bamford et al, 1991;Rudorff et al, 1996;Sims et al, 1999woody 8 Ceulemans et al, 1995Idso et al, 1993;Jach et al, 2000;Overdieck and Forstreuter, 1994;Tingey et al, 1996 global field data, which meant that LAI data were aggregated from experimental plots having soils of differing texture, composition and nutrient composition. Fertilization regimes also differed between studies; nitrogen (N) was added alone or with small amounts of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), equal parts N:P:K, or large amounts of macronutrients (N, P, K) with small additions of micronutrients (i.e., S, Zn).…”

Section: Standardization Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental control of leaf area production: Implications for vegetation and land‐surface modeling

Cowling

Field

2003

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

134

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[1] Leaf surface area per unit ground cover (leaf area index, LAI) is one of the major controls on plant productivity and biospheric feedbacks on atmospheric energy and water exchanges. Nearly all vegetation and land-surface models include parameterizations of LAI, however not much research currently focuses on the validation of simulated responses of LAI to environmental change. The objective of our research was to quantitatively review the plant science literature to extract information on the response of LAI to variations in soil moisture, soil fertility and atmospheric CO 2 . Our synthesis confirms that LAI is likely co-limited by a number of resources, including water, nitrogen and light. Atmospheric CO 2 influences LAI in much the same manner as other plant resources. When CO 2 supply is strongly limiting to gross primary production (i.e., at relatively low CO 2 concentrations), LAI is strongly correlated with CO 2 , whereas when CO 2 is abundant, LAI sensitivity to CO 2 dramatically decreases. Such a nonlinear relationship between leaf area production and atmospheric CO 2 may introduce a potential bias for global change modeling, particularly in the simulation of low-density vegetation that has the potential to significantly increase canopy size without inducing selfshading.

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“…Therefore, it is possible that on the early-rotation site, acclimation to high levels of water stress in 2007 and 2008 produced foliage with a conservative water use strategy. In a young plantation, chronic levels of water stress may affect the rate of water uptake even when water is available, reflecting a carryover effect of water availability on T (Ewers et al 1999). …”

Section: Partitioning the Effect Of Soil Evaporation Tree Transpiratmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

Domec¹,

Sun²,

Noormets³

et al. 2012

Forest Science

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Increasing variability of rainfall patterns requires detailed understanding of the pathways of water loss from ecosystems to optimize carbon uptake and management choices. In the current study we characterized the usability of three alternative methods of different rigor for quantifying stand-level evapotranspiration (ET), partitioned ET into tree transpiration (T), understory transpiration, interception, and soil evaporation (E S ) and determined their sensitivity to drought, and evaluated the reliability of soil moisture measurements by taking into account deep soil moisture dynamic. The analyses were conducted in an early-and in a mid-rotation stand of loblolly pine, the predominant species of southern US forest plantations. The three alternative methods for estimating ET were the eddy covariance measurements of water vapor fluxes (ET EC ), the water table fluctuation (ET WT ), and the soil moisture fluctuation (ET SM ). On annual and monthly scales, the three methods agreed to within 10 -20%, whereas on a daily scale, the values of ET SM and ET EC differed by up to 50% and ET SM and ET WT differed by up to 100%. The differences between the methods were attributed to root water extraction below measurement depth and to the sampling at different spatial scales. Regardless of the method used, ET at the early-rotation site was 15-30% lower than that at the mid-rotation site. The dry years did not affect ET at the mid-rotation site but reduced significantly ET at the early-rotation site. Soil moisture trends revealed the importance of measuring water content at several depths throughout the rooting zone because less than 20% of the water is stored in the top 30 cm of soil. Annually, E S represented approximately 9 and 14% of ET EC at the mid-rotation site and the early-rotation site, respectively. At the mid-rotation site, T accounted for approximately 70% of ET EC . Canopy interception was estimated to be 5-10% of annual precipitation and 6 -13% of total ET EC . At the early-rotation site, T accounted for only 35% of ET EC . At this site, transpiration from subdominant trees and shrubs represented 40 -45% of ET EC , indicating that understory was a significant part of the water budget. We concluded that the eddy covariance method is best for estimating ET at the fine temporal scale (i.e., daily), but other soil moisture and water table-based methods were equally reliable and cost-effective for quantifying seasonal ET dynamics. FOR. SCI. 58(5):497-512.Keywords: eddy covariance, loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, sapflow, soil moisture probes, water table L OBLOLLY PINE (PINUS TAEDA L.) REPRESENTS ONE-HALF OF THE STANDING PINE VOLUME in the southern United States (11.7 million ha) and is by far the single most commercially important forest tree species for the region, with more than 1 billion seedlings planted annually (McKeand et al. 2003). More than 1 million ha of intensively managed loblolly pine plantations are found along the lower coastal plain in eastern North Carolina. Large areas of the North Carolina...

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Carry-Over Effects of Water and Nutrient Supply on Water Use of Pinus taeda

Cited by 42 publications

References 47 publications

Influence of climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation on water transport and storage in ponderosa pine

Influence of climate-driven shifts in biomass allocation on water transport and storage in ponderosa pine

Environmental control of leaf area production: Implications for vegetation and land‐surface modeling

A Comparison of Three Methods to Estimate Evapotranspiration in Two Contrasting Loblolly Pine Plantations: Age-Related Changes in Water Use and Drought Sensitivity of Evapotranspiration Components

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