Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses using high harmonic generation in ZnO

Hollinger, Richard; Hoff, Dominik; Wustelt, Philipp; Skruszewicz, Slawomir; Zhang, Yinyu; Kang, Huipeng; Würzler, Daniel; Jungnickel, Tom; Dumergue, Mathieu; Nayak, Arjun; Flender, Roland; Haizer, Ľudovít; Kurucz, Mâté; Kiss, Bálint; Kühn, Sergei; Cormier, Éric; Spielmann, Christian; Paulus, Gerhard G.; Tzallas, Paraskevas; Kübel, Matthias

doi:10.1364/oe.383484

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…HHG oriented along the centrosymmetric axis (0001, blue) yields predominately odd harmonics while the noncentrosymmetic axis (1-100, red) yields both even and odd harmonics. The peak at ∼385 nm appears to be consistent with photoluminescence on the centrosymmetric axis demonstrated in[25,26].…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…The cut of the ZnO crystal (a-plane, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] enables the crystal to be oriented such that excitation primarily occurs along either the centrosymmetric axis (0001, blue) or the noncentrosymmetric axis (1-100, red). Due to crystal symmetry, generation along the centrosymmetric axis predominantly yields odd harmonics of the fundamental 1550 nm driving laser, as well as photoluminesence at ∼385 nm [25,26]. Some even harmonics are also observed along the centrosymmetric axis, but are significantly weaker relative to the odd harmonics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-sensitivity Frequency Comb Carrier-Envelope-Phase Metrology in Solid State High Harmonic Generation

Lesko¹,

Chang²,

Diddams³

2022

Preprint

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Non-perturbative and phase-sensitive light-matter interactions have led to the generation of attosecond pulses of light and the control electrical currents on the same timescale. Traditionally, probing these effects via high harmonic generation has involved complicated lasers and apparatuses to generate the few-cycle and high peak power pulses needed to obtain and measure spectra that are sensitive to the phase of the light wave. Instead, we show that nonlinear effects dependent on the carrier-envelope phase can be accessed in solid state crystals with simple low-energy frequency combs that we combine with high-sensitivity demodulation techniques to measure harmonic spectral modulations. Central to this advance is the use of a scalable 100 MHz Erbium-fiber frequency comb at 1550 nm to produce 10 nJ, 20 fs pulses which are focused to the TW/cm 2 level. In a single pass through a 500 µm ZnO crystal this yields harmonic spectra as short as 200 nm. With this system, we introduce a technique of carrier-envelope amplitude modulation spectroscopy (CAMS) and use it to characterize the phase-sensitive modulation of the ultraviolet harmonics with 85 dB signal-to-noise ratio. We further verify the non-perturbative nature of the harmonic generation through polarization gating of the driving pulse to increase the effects of the carrier-envelope phase. Our work demonstrates robust and ultra-sensitive methods for generating and characterizing harmonic generation at 100 MHz rates that should provide advantages in the study of attosecond nonlinear processes in solid state systems. Additionally, as a simple and low-noise frequency comb, this broadband source will be useful for precision dual-comb spectroscopy of a range of physical systems across the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions (200 -650 nm).

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-sensitivity Frequency Comb Carrier-Envelope-Phase Metrology in Solid State High Harmonic Generation

Lesko¹,

Chang²,

Diddams³

2022

Preprint

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“…CEP effects with periodicity of π rather than 2π, i.e., with periodicity parameter m = 2 instead of m = 1 are observed for the photon yields from HHG [1,19] and for total yields of double ionization [20,21] or fragmentation [22]. The doubled periodicity is consistent with the above symmetry considerations since total yields are insensitive to the direction of the field but are affected by the modulation of the instantaneous intensity resulting from varying the CEP.…”

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confidence: 73%

High-order phase-dependent asymmetry in the above-threshold ionization plateau

Kübel,

Wustelt,

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Above-threshold ionization spectra from cesium are measured as a function of the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) using laser pulses centered at 3.1 µm wavelength. The directional asymmetry in the energy spectra of backscattered electrons oscillates three times, rather than once, as the CEP is changed from 0 to 2π. Using the improved strong-field approximation, we show that the unusual behavior arises from the interference of few quantum orbits. We discuss the conditions for observing the high-order CEP dependence, and draw an analogy with time-domain holography with electron wave packets.

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“…This post-compressed beam proved to be very useful in practice as a successful commissioning user campaign was performed during the autumn of 2019. For more details and for the results see references [12,13].…”

Section: Iii36 Outlinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average output power of the laser is 14 W, which means each pulse has 3.3 GW peak power, hence noble gases can be ionized with tight focusing even at atmospheric pressure. The combination of high peak power and long wavelength makes the system uniquely fit for specialized experiments, some of which have already been completed and published in scientific journals [10][11][12][13]. This dissertation contains three different techniques and their experimental verification.…”

Section: Introduction and Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced metrology for few-cycle mid-IR pulses

Kurucz

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AGS silver thiogallate AGSe silver selenogallate AOPDF acousto-optical programmable dispersive filters AR anti-reflection ARR-PCF antiresonant-guiding photonic crystal fiber BBO beta barium borate CPA chirped pulse amplification CW continuous wave CEO carrier-envelope offset CEP carrier-envelope phase DFG difference frequency generation DFT dispersive Fourier transform EM electromagnetic FPGA field-programmable gate array FROG frequency-resolved optical gating FT Fourier transform FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTL Fourier transform limit FFT fast Fourier transform FWHM full width at half maximum GDD group delay dispersion GV group velocity GVD group velocity dispersion HHG high harmonic generation IFFT inverse fast Fourier transform IR infrared IPN integrated phase noise KTP potassium titanyl phosphate LN lithium niobate LWIR long-wavelength infrared mid-IR mid-infrared near-IR near infrared NOPA noncollinear optical parametric amplification OP orientation-patterned OPA optical parametric amplifier OPCPA optical parametric chirped pulse amplification OPO optical parametric oscillator OR optical rectification OSA optical spectrum analyzer PPLN periodically-poled lithium niobate PSD power spectral density PP periodically poled QPM quasi-phase-matching RMS root mean square SCG supercontinuum generation SFG sum frequency generation SH second harmonic SHG second harmonic generation SH-SRI second harmonic assisted spectrally resolved interferometry SPM self-phase modulation SRI spectrally resolved interferometry STOD specific third order dispersion SWIR short-wavelength infrared TOD third order dispersion TOUCAN temporal dispersion based oneshot ultrafast carrier envelope phase analysis UV ultraviolet VIS visible WLC white-light continuum YAG yttrium aluminum garnet ZDWL zero-dispersion wavelength ZGP zinc germanium phosphide

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Carrier-envelope-phase measurement of few-cycle mid-infrared laser pulses using high harmonic generation in ZnO

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

High-sensitivity Frequency Comb Carrier-Envelope-Phase Metrology in Solid State High Harmonic Generation

High-sensitivity Frequency Comb Carrier-Envelope-Phase Metrology in Solid State High Harmonic Generation

High-order phase-dependent asymmetry in the above-threshold ionization plateau

Advanced metrology for few-cycle mid-IR pulses

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