An electrical pulse E(t) is defined completely by its time-dependent amplitude and polarization direction. For optical pulses the manipulation and characterization of the light polarization state is fundamental because of its relevance in several scientific and technological fields. In this work, we demonstrate the complete temporal reconstruction of the electric field of few-cycle pulses with a complex time-dependent polarization. Our experimental approach is based on extreme ultraviolet interferometry with isolated attosecond pulses and on the demonstration that the motion of an attosecond electron wave packet is sensitive to perturbing fields only along the direction of its motion. By exploiting the sensitivity of interferometric techniques and by controlling the emission and acceleration direction of the wave packet, pulses with energies as low as a few hundreds of nanojoules can be reconstructed. Our approach reveals the possibility to characterize completely the electric field of the pulses typically used in visible pump-probe spectroscopy
The carrier envelope phase (CEP) dependence in the CAD bond breaking of C2D2 induced by an intense
few-cycle laser pulse is investigated. The ejection direction of D+ ions generated from the Coulomb explosion,
C2D2þ
2 ! C2Dþ and D+, exhibits the CEP dependent asymmetry, while its CEP dependence is out of
phase by p with respect to the CEP dependence of the recoil momentum of C2Dþ2
. From a recollisional
double ionization model, the asymmetry in the ejection direction of D+ was ascribed to the laser-assisted
CAD bond weakening in the few-cycle laser field
The carrier-envelope phase (CEP) dependence of few-cycle above-threshold ionization (ATI) of Xe is calibrated for use as a reference measurement for determining and controlling the absolute CEP in other interactions. This is achieved by referencing the CEP-dependent ATI measurements of Xe to measurements of atomic H, which are in turn referenced to ab initio calculations for atomic H. This allows for the accurate determination of the absolute CEP dependence of Xe ATI, which enables relatively easy determination of the offset between the relative CEP measured and/or controlled by typical devices and the absolute CEP in the interaction.
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