Carriage of Clostridioides difficile in healthy infants in the community of Handan, China: A 1-year follow-up study

Cui, Qing-qing; Yang, Jing; Sun, Suzhen; Li, Zhirong; Qiang, Cuixin; Niu, Yanan; Li, Ruxin; Shi, Dongyan; Wei, Huiping; Tian, Tiantian; Xu, Kaiyue; Wang, Weigang; Zhao, Jianhong

doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102295

“…The results indicate that the C. difficile references strains have the consistent MICs of fidaxomicin comparing with the previous reports [22, 23] (Table S1), which indicates that the macrolide fidaxomicin we used in this study is effective and the MICs testing method is workable. For most of the NTM reference strains, fidaxomicin had low MIC values with both the rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) species.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

In vitro activity of fidaxomicin against nontuberculosis mycobacteria

Sun

¹

,

Liao

²

,

Wang

³

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasing worldwide and are relatively resistant to many of the first- and second-line drugs to treat tuberculosis. Macrolide antibiotics, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, are the key drugs for treating NTM infections. Fidaxomicin is a macrolide antibiotic that is widely used in treating Clostridium difficle (C.difficile) infections, and has high in vitro activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis especially multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and has no cross-resistance with rifampicin. Hypothesis. Fidaxomicin may have in vitro activity against NTM strains. Aim. To find that whether the macrolide antibiotic fidaxomicin has in vitro activity against NTM strains. Methodology. Fidaxomicin used in this study was firstly tested on C. difficile reference strains and has shown to be effective and workable. And then 28 rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), 12 slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) reference strains and 103 NTM clinical isolates were tested by the microplate-based AlamarBlue assay (MABA) method to determine the MICs. Fidaxomicin, rifampicin and clarithromycin were tested against M. abcessus complex subspecies 14 M . abscessus and 5 M . massiliense strains for inducible resistance determination. Results. In total, 21 out of 28 RGM and 9 of 12 SGM reference strains have the MICs of fidaxomicin at or below 1 µg ml−1. Fidaxomicin also showed low MIC values for some clinical isolates including M. abscessus complex, M. avium complex, M. fortuitum , M. kansasii and M. parascrofulaceum . Fidaxomicin also has no inducible macrolide resistance in M. abscessus complex in comparison with clarithromycin. Conclusion. Fidaxomicin has high in vitro activity against most of the NTM reference strains and some prevalent NTM clinical isolates. This promising finding warrants further investigation on the actions of fidaxomicn in vivo and as a potential antibiotic for NTM treatment.

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“…Except for Brazil, C. difficile was typically isolated from non-diarrhoeal stools, which is consistent with work previously published from this cohort (8). In contrast, studies from high-income countries indicate that C. difficile is an important cause of both community and hospital acquired infections (16,17). While antibioticinduced disruption of the gut microbiota is likely common globally, healthcare exposure leading to increased likelihood for acquisition of clostridial spores may be more prevalent in resourcesufficient settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Clostridioides difficile colonization among very young children in resource-limited settings

Brennhofer

¹

,

McQuade

²

,

Liu

³

et al. 2022

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…Clostridioides difficile , like C. perfringens , is an anaerobic Gram positive bacteria that is widely disseminated in the environment. It is unclear how prevalent C. difficile is within the gut microbiome of human populations but it can be isolated from the gut of new born and healthy children ( Tullus et al, 1989 ; Cui et al, 2021 ). C. difficile infection leads to diarrhea and colitis that can be fatal and is responsible for greater than 29,000 deaths each year in the United States ( Lessa et al, 2015a ; Lessa et al, 2015b ).…”

Section: Synthetic Biology Approaches To Antimicrobial Drug Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bioengineered Probiotics: Synthetic Biology Can Provide Live Cell Therapeutics for the Treatment of Foodborne Diseases

Cruz

¹

,

Enekegho

²

,

Stuart

³

2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistant microbial pathogens presents an ominous health and economic challenge to modern society. The discovery and large-scale development of antibiotic drugs in previous decades was transformational, providing cheap, effective treatment for what would previously have been a lethal infection. As microbial strains resistant to many or even all antibiotic drug treatments have evolved, there is an urgent need for new drugs or antimicrobial treatments to control these pathogens. The ability to sequence and mine the genomes of an increasing number of microbial strains from previously unexplored environments has the potential to identify new natural product antibiotic biosynthesis pathways. This coupled with the power of synthetic biology to generate new production chassis, biosensors and “weaponized” live cell therapeutics may provide new means to combat the rapidly evolving threat of drug resistant microbial pathogens. This review focuses on the application of synthetic biology to construct probiotic strains that have been endowed with functionalities allowing them to identify, compete with and in some cases kill microbial pathogens as well as stimulate host immunity. Weaponized probiotics may have the greatest potential for use against pathogens that infect the gastrointestinal tract: Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. The potential benefits of engineered probiotics are highlighted along with the challenges that must still be met before these intriguing and exciting new therapeutic tools can be widely deployed.

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Carriage of Clostridioides difficile in healthy infants in the community of Handan, China: A 1-year follow-up study

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

In vitro activity of fidaxomicin against nontuberculosis mycobacteria

In vitro activity of fidaxomicin against nontuberculosis mycobacteria

Clostridioides difficile colonization among very young children in resource-limited settings

Bioengineered Probiotics: Synthetic Biology Can Provide Live Cell Therapeutics for the Treatment of Foodborne Diseases

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