Carotid Artery Stiffness in Obese Children With the Metabolic Syndrome

Iannuzzi, Arcangelo; Licenziati, Maria Rosaria; Acampora, Ciro; Renis, Maurizio; Agrusta, M; Romano, Luigia; Valerio, Giuliana; Panico, Salvatore; Trevisan, Maurizio

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.08.072

Cited by 105 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, in that paper there were no differences in carotid IMT and diameters between the two groups. 30 Taking into account that in our study population there was no statistical difference in glucose concentration between the two groups, increased BP, obesity, higher triglycerides, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values could contribute to vascular deformational stress and result in hypertrophy of carotid arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

et al. 2007

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Preclinical vascular changes (increased stiffness and/or wall thickness) have been observed in children with known metabolic risk factors. Aim of the present study was to evaluate different carotid parameters, representative of vascular health, in children with and without metabolic syndrome (MS). We studied 38 children with MS (mean age 9.672.6 years; range 6-14 years) and 45 healthy age-matched subjects. Children who met three or more of the following criteria qualified as having the MS: fasting glucose 4110 mg dl À1 , fasting triglyceride concentration 4100 mg dl À1 , fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration o50 mg dl À1 for females or o45 mg dl À1 for the males, waist circumference 475th percentile for age and gender and systolic or diastolic blood pressure 490th percentile for age, gender and height. Carotid B-mode ultrasound examinations were performed and intima-media thickness and diameters were measured in all subjects. Arterial geometry was further characterized by calculation of carotid cross-sectional area. Carotid intimamedia thickness and lumen diameters were increased in children with MS as compared to children without MS. Moreover, carotid cross-sectional area was significantly higher in the group of children with MS 9.8371.86 mm 2 [mean7s.d.] compared with the control group: 7.7771.72 mm 2 , Po0.001, even after adjustment for age, gender and height. Carotid hypertrophy is already detectable in children with MS. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound could provide a valuable tool for the cardiovascular risk stratification of children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

et al. 2007

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“…Aortic stiffness (AoStiff) (that is, the loss of aortic viscoelastic properties) is a well-recognized independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity [1][2][3] and a surrogate marker of cardiovascular events in hypertension and end-stage renal failure. 4 Current techniques measure AoStiff non-invasively by regional measurement of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) using tonometric techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of aortic stiffness by local and regional methods

et al. 2011

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The stiffness of large arteries has an important role in cardiovascular hemodynamics. Aortic stiffness (AoStiff) can be assessed non-invasively with regional and local methods. In this paper, we compared these two techniques for evaluating AoStiff. Our subjects comprised of 118 consecutive patients (85 men, mean age: 49 ± 14 years). We evaluated regional AoStiff with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured with a tonometric technique and by bioelectrical impedance (BI) wave velocity (IWV). The local AoStiff was calculated from BI signals recorded at the chest. We used glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) to test the effect of peripheral vasodilatation on both methods in a subgroup of 52 patients (37 men, mean age: 52 ± 11 years). We found a significant correlation between IWV and PWV measurements (r¼0.88, Po0.0001) as well as between AoStiff and PWV measurements (r¼0.75, Po0.0001). GTN administration decreased mean arterial blood pressure by 4% (95% confidence interval: 2-8%, P¼0.002) without significant changes in AoStiff and regional IWV. Local AoStiff is correlated with regional measurements and is not influenced by changes in arterial pressure because of systemic peripheral vasodilatation.

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“…Importantly, such deleterious arterial changes have been shown at a very young age (e.g. in obese [78] and apparently healthy adolescents [76] and young adults [70,71,84]) (Fig. 7).…”

Section: Estimates Of Arterial Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial stiffness in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: a pathway to cardiovascular disease

2008

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Increased arterial stiffness associated with diabetes and the metabolic syndrome may in part explain the increased cardiovascular disease risk observed in these conditions. Arterial stiffness can be estimated by quantifying pulse pressure but is better described by distensibility and compliance coefficients, pulse wave velocity and wave reflection. The most common non-invasive methodologies used to quantify these estimates of arterial stiffness (e.g. ultrasonography and applanation tonometry) are also described. We then review and summarise the current data on the associations between diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance on the one hand and greater arterial stiffness on the other, and identify and discuss some unresolved issues such as differential stiffening of central vs peripheral arterial segments, the impact of sex, and the pathobiology of increased arterial stiffness in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Finally, some considerations with regard to treatment options are presented.At present the most powerful therapy available for reducing arterial stiffness is to vigorously treat hypertension using pharmacological agents. New pharmacological strategies to reduce arterial stiffness are likely to be especially relevant to individuals with diabetes.

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Carotid Artery Stiffness in Obese Children With the Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 105 publications

References 16 publications

Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

Assessment of aortic stiffness by local and regional methods

Arterial stiffness in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: a pathway to cardiovascular disease

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