Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

Licenziati, Maria Rosaria; Acampora, Ciro; Michele, Mario De; Iannuzzo, Gabriella; Chiariello, Giovanni Alfonso; Covetti, Giuseppe; Bresciani, Alessandro; Romano, Luigia; Panico, Salvatore; Rubba, P.

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1002289

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…5,18 Morphological and functional changes that probably occurred in these children, such as arterial stiffness and left ventricular hypertrophy, 30 carotid arterial wall thickening 31 and early activation of vascular endothelium and platelets 32 could be cited as possible reasons for this. All the changes associated with high BP that are reported in the literature indicate that the arteriosclerotic process already begins during the early childhood years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa

Kemp

Pienaar

Schutte

2011

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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Abstractobjective. To determine the prevalence of hypertension in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa and to investigate the association between blood pressure (BP) and body composition of these children. Methods. Data were collected by means of a stratified random sampling procedure from 816 Grade 1 learners (419 boys, 397 girls) with a mean age of 6.78±0.49 years (mean±SD), in the NW-CHILD-study. Height, weight, skinfolds (subscapular, triceps, calf) and waist circumference were measured. The international recommended cut-off values of Cole et al. (2000) for body mass index (BMI) were used. Hypertension, defined as the average of two separate BP (BP) readings, where the systolic BP and diastolic BP is >95th percentile for age, sex and height, was determined by means of an Omron 705CP-II. Results. The overall prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension was 8.5% and 24.9%, respectively. Both systolic and diastolic BP was positively associated with BMI, body fat percentage and waist circumference. Boys and girls showed a similar prevalence of hypertension. A higher percentage of black children were hypertensive compared with whites, although the difference in BP of the groups was not significant. A high percentage of children with normal weight also showed increased levels of BP. Conclusions. High prevalences of hypertension were found in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa. Small practical significant associations existed between BP and body composition. BP screening is therefore considered important in the paediatric population. Interventions which include physical activity are recommended to reduce potential cardiovascular complications and obesity among children. Other contributing factors to high BP amongst young children should also be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa

Kemp

Pienaar

Schutte

2011

S. Afr. j. sports med.

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“…The varying prevalence rates reflect different definitions of pediatric MetS because there is no standard definition. The risk for further development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children with the MetS is high, and early indicators for CVD, such as carotid artery intima-media thickness and atherosclerotic plaques, have been shown to develop in childhood (8,9); carotid hypertrophy is already detectable in children with the MetS (10).…”

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confidence: 99%

The metabolic syndrome in healthy, multiethnic adolescents in Toronto, Ontario: The use of fasting blood glucose as a simple indicator

Vuksan

Peeva

Rogovik

et al. 2010

Canadian Journal of Cardiology

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BACkgROund: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide and prevention represents a major challenge. Usually identified in middle age, the MetS has pediatric roots and there are variable incidence rates between ethnic groups. Due to the difficulty of diagnosis, it remains largely undetected in adolescents. OBJECTiVES: To assess the presence of the MetS features in healthy, normal-weight, multiethnic adolescents and to determine whether fasting blood glucose (FBG) could function as a simple indicator of its presence. METHOdS: A convenience sample of secondary school students was used in a cross-sectional study. General linear model ANCOVA adjusted for multiple pairwise comparisons by the post hoc Tukey-Kramer test was used to assess differences among the tertiles of FBG. RESulTS: A total of 182 adolescents from 62 Greater Toronto Area secondary schools in Ontario were recruited (44% Caucasian, 34% South Asian and 22% Chinese), with a mean (± SD) age of 17.4±0.9 years, a mean body mass index of 22.1±3.4 kg/m 2 and a mean FBG of 4.92±0.4 mmol/L. Analysis with general linear model ANCOVA across the tertiles of FBG (3.83 mmol/L to 4.78 mmol/L, 4.79 mmol/L to 5.08 mmol/L, and 5.09 mmol/L to 6.45 mmol/L) showed significant linear increases of body mass index (P<0.005), waist circumference (P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (P<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (P<0.05) with increasing FBG. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated systolic blood pressure (beta=0.0078, partial R 2 =0.039, P=0.007) and waist circumference (beta=0.0081, partial R 2 =0.025, P=0.035) were independent predictors of the increased FBG level. COnCluSiOnS: MetS markers were present in a sample of healthy multiethnic adolescents in the Greater Toronto Area. FBG could be used as a simple indicator of the MetS to allow for early detection of the presence of the MetS and the introduction of preventive lifestyle measures. Further studies with larger sample sizes should address the accuracy of FBG for diagnosing the MetS.

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“…The American Heart Association has classified childhood cancer survivors as “Tier III: At Risk,” indicating the high risk for accelerated atherosclerosis (Kavey et al, 2007). General and central obesity in childhood has been associated with poor vascular health, including decreased endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness, which are precursors to adult cardiovascular disease (Iannuzzi et al, 2006, 2008; Woo et al, 2004). Elevated body fat percentage and central obesity such as that identified in this study may help explain the excess in morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Childhood

Ruble¹,

Hayat²,

Stewart³

et al. 2012

Oncology Nursing Forum

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Purpose/Objectives To describe the body composition and fat distribution of childhood bone marrow transplantation (BMT) survivors at least one year post-transplantation and examine the ability of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria to identify survivors with elevated body fat percentage. Design Cross-sectional, descriptive. Setting Pediatric oncology program at a National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer center. Sample 48 childhood BMT survivors (27 males and 21 females). Methods Measurements included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan, height, weight, and physical activity. Descriptive statistics were reported and mixed-model linear regression models were used to describe findings and associations. Main Research Variables Total body fat percentage and central obesity (defined as a ratio of central to peripheral fat of 1 or greater). Findings Fifty-four percent of survivors had body fat percentages that exceeded recommendations for healthy body composition and 31% qualified as having central obesity. Previous treatment with total body irradiation was associated with higher body fat percentage and central obesity, and graft-versus-host disease was associated with lower body fat percentage. The body mass index (BMI) criteria did not correctly identify the BMT survivors who had elevated body fat percentage. Conclusions Survivors of childhood BMT are at risk for obesity and central obesity that is not readily identified with standard BMI criteria. Implications for Nursing Nurses caring for BMT survivors should include evaluation of general and central obesity in their assessments. Patient education materials and resources for healthy weight and muscle building should be made available to survivors. Research is needed to develop appropriate interventions.

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Carotid artery wall hypertrophy in children with metabolic syndrome

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa

The prevalence of hypertension and the relationship with body composition in Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa

The metabolic syndrome in healthy, multiethnic adolescents in Toronto, Ontario: The use of fasting blood glucose as a simple indicator

Body Composition After Bone Marrow Transplantation in Childhood

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