Carlinoside reduces hepatic bilirubin accumulation by stimulating bilirubin-UGT activity through Nrf2 gene expression

Variations in Soil Alter Availability of Carlinoside:An Anti-Hepatitic Compound from <i>Cajanus cajan</i> (LINN.) Leaves

“…However, apart from its high nutritive value, C. cajan leaf extract significantly heals alcohol-induced liver dysfunction in rats 2 . The leaf extract contains a flavone glycoside, carlinoside that can convert insoluble bilirubin to soluble fram 3 . The major problem in jaundice is the accumulation of free insoluble bilirubin, which is potentially toxic and may even cause death of the patient.…”

“…In general, bilirubin-UGT enzyme (UGT1A1) converts insoluble bilirubin to a soluble innocuous form, which is eliminated through urine and faeces. Suppression of UGT1A1 enzyme by certain pathogens leads to the condition of jaundice, and no drug is available that can restore UGT1A1 activity 2,3 . The phenolic or polyphenol compounds account for approximately 40% of organic carbon circulating in the biosphere.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that expression of secondary metabolites is often altered due to these adaptive mechanisms 7 . Carlinoside from the leaf extract of C. cajan is highly bioavailable and therefore has a potential in the treatment of jaundice 3 . However, expression and yield of carlinoside are expected to vary in different areas depending on specific agro-climatic conditions.…”

“…3 . The carlinoside concentration in seeds was determined by running the methanolic seed extracts under similar chromatographic conditions.…”

“…carlinoside from leaves obtained from the above-mentioned regions. Excess accumulation of bilirubin causes serious liver injury or jaundice due to impaired activity of UGT1A1, a key enzyme converting insoluble bilirubin to the soluble glucoronidated form that is ultimately secreted out from the body 3 . In the present study, we analysed whether variation in carlinoside content in plants grown in these two regions could also influence the level of UGT1A1.…”