Caries in 4-year-old children after maternal chewing of gums containing combinations of xylitol, sorbitol, chlorhexidine and fluoride

Thorild, I.; Lindau, B.; Twetman, Svante

doi:10.1007/bf03262559

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…9 The use of xylitol chewing gum reduced caries incidence from 30 to 65%, 8 in spite of its effectiveness still being discussed in literature. 10,13,14,15,16 Besides not being metabolized by oral bacteria, 7,17 leading to no pH drop in the biofilm, 18,19 xylitol penetrates into the bacterial cytoplasm and accumulates as xylitol 5-phosphate inside the cell. This impairs glycolysis and ATP production, and results in cell growth inhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

2010

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Frequent use of Xylitol may decrease the S. mutans levels. However, very little is known about whether this effect on the levels of cariogenic bacteria is maintained after the interruption of short-term usage of xylitol. This study aimed at evaluating changes in mutans streptococci (MS) salivary levels after using a chewing gum containing xylitol. Twelve volunteers harboring ≥ 10 5 CFU MS/ml saliva levels were asked to chew Happydent-xylit  for 5 minutes, 5 X/day, for 30 days. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, at 30 days after xylitol usage began, and at 30 days beyond its interruption. MS salivary levels were estimated. The average salivary levels of MS in the ten subjects who completed the study were 13.17 (NL-CFU) at baseline (A). After the 30 days experimental period (B), this average decreased to 9.45 (NL-CFU). Nine of ten subjects studied showed a reduction in MS salivary levels in relation to baseline, whereas salivary levels were maintained in the remaining subject. At thirty days beyond the interruption of xylitol usage (C), the average levels of MS were still reduced to 10.31 (NL-CFU). Multiple sample comparison using the Bonferroni test revealed that the decrease in MS levels observed from baseline (A) to the time immediately after 30 days of xylitol usage (B) was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and those levels were still decreased between baseline and 30 days beyond the interruption of xylitol usage (C). So, the use of xylitol induced a reduction in MS salivary levels after a short period of usage which persisted beyond its interruption.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

2010

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“…According to Söderling [5], chewing gum with xylitol up to 3 times daily in pregnant females, and then new mothers, significantly reduces motherto-child SM transmission, though the relevance of sanation of the mother's oral cavity and preservation of appropriate dietary and hygienic instructions should not be neglected. Research by Thorild et al [2] has shown that administering chewing gum with xylitol (0.65 g of xylitol in 1 piece 3 times a day) by new mothers causes reduced caries occurrence, compared to using chewing gum with the addition of fluoride and sorbitol, but containing less xylitol. According to a meta-analysis of clinical trials with randomization regarding the reduction of the mother-to-child transmission of SM, chewing gum with xylitol causes a statistically-significant depletion of SM transmission, compared to using chewing gum with sorbitol or fluoride or chlorhexidine varnish [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to other sweeteners, it is not a substrate for the majority of bacteria existing in the oral cavity but a passive substitute for cariogenic sugars. It manifests anticarious action principally against Streptococcus mutans (SM) [2]. It inhibits the growth of SM in the presence of glucose, fructose, mannose, sorbitol and lactose, both in saliva and dental plaque, and decreases the amount of dental plaque [2][3][4][5][6].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Xylitol Content in Dental Care and Food Products Available on the Polish Market and Their Significance in Caries Prevention

Turska‐Szybka¹,

Pasternok²,

Olczak‐Kowalczyk³

2016

Dent. Med. Probl.

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Sugar alcohols (or polyols), natural organic compounds, may be used in order to replace sucrose. There are many sugar alcohols administered in dental care and food products, such as maltitol, lactitol, sorbitol, mannitol, erythritol and xylitol.Xylitol (E 967) is a five-carbon sugar alcohol of crystalline structure and sweetness similar to sucrose and has the same relative sweetness, which is 1, and provides less energy compared to sucrose (2.4 kcal vs 4 kcal). It occurs naturally in certain fruits, such as plums, raspberries and strawberries, and in birch trees; it is also developed in the digestive reactions of the human body in the amount of 15 g/day. It can be industrially produced using products rich in xylans, such as corncobs and birch wood. Xylitol obtained in the reduction reaction of xylose in the presence of catalytic converters is used in the food and cosmetic industry as an ingredient of chewing gum, lozenges, sprays, mouth rinses, gels, toothpastes, wipes, candies and AbstractCaries pertains to most of the Polish community and is associated with a high intake of sucrose and monosaccharides. Their non-cariogenic analogue is xylitol -equally sweet as sucrose, but not metabolized by the majority of bacteria existing in the oral cavity. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the content of xylitol in dental care and food products available on the Polish market and their significance in caries prevention. The products were selected based on the literature, informational leaflets and information from manufacturers. The toothpastes and gels taken into consideration contain up to 25% xylitol, mouth rinses -25%, dental care sprays -35%, chewing gum -66-67% and candies -96%. A large number of dental care and food products recommended in caries prevention contain xylitol in diverse concentrations. If caries-producing sugars are replaced with non-cariogenic sugar alcohols, the frequency of caries may be diminished. On one hand, xylitol, as an acknowledged anti-carious agent, is included in many caries-prevention programs, in precise concentrations and regularly used, on the other hand -there is a lack of EBM (Evidence-Based Medicine) data indicating the effectiveness of xylitol, apart from those pertaining to fluoride toothpastes with the addition of xylitol. It is emphasized that more detailed trials are necessary to answer the question whether it is xylitol that is relevant in caries prevention or the alteration of habits -lessened sucrose intake or its complete substitution with a sweetener and the act of chewing, which stimulates salivation (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 4, 542-550).

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“…A multifaceted intervention to reduce oral bacterial challenge in mothers was associated with both short-and longterm reductions in MS colonization (Köhler et al, 1984;Köhler and Andréen, 2012) and caries prevention in primary and permanent teeth Andréen, 1994, 2012). Interventions that provided mothers with xylitol-containing chewing gum successfully prevented child MS colonization and reduced child caries (Thorild et al, 2006;Söderling, 2009), although longer duration and higher dose regimens yielded greater effects (Söderling, 2009). Thus, early initiated and sustained interventions, perhaps integrating life course and socioenvironmental determinants perspectives (Kenney et al, 2012), might be best positioned for favorable outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Oral Bacterial Levels Predict Early Childhood Caries Development

et al. 2013

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Objective: To calculate the association of maternal salivary bacterial challenge (mutans streptococci [MS] and lactobacilli [LB]) from pregnancy through 24 months' postpartum with child caries incidence (≥1 cavitated or restored teeth) at 36 months. Materials & Methods: Dental, salivary bacterial, sociodemographic, and behavioral measures were collected at three-to six-month intervals from a birth cohort of low-income Hispanic mother-child dyads (N = 243). We calculated the relative child caries incidence, adjusted for confounding, following higher maternal challenge of MS (>4500 colony-forming units per milliliter of saliva [CFU/mL]) and LB (>50 CFU/mL) based on multivariable models. Results: Salivary MS and LB levels were greater among mothers of caries-affected children versus caries-free children. Mothers with higher salivary MS challenge were more likely to have MS-positive children (>0 CFU/mL), but maternal LB challenge was not a statistically significant predictor of child LB-positive status. Adjusting for sociodemographics, feeding and care practices, and maternal dental status, higher maternal salivary challenge of both MS and LB over the study period predicted nearly double the child caries incidence versus lower MS and LB (cumulative incidence ratio: 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 3.8). Conclusion: Maternal salivary bacterial challenge not only is associated with oral infection among children but also predicts increased early childhood caries occurrence.

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Caries in 4-year-old children after maternal chewing of gums containing combinations of xylitol, sorbitol, chlorhexidine and fluoride

Abstract: Less caries was observed in children of mothers who chewed gums with xylitol as the single sweetener during the time of eruption of the first primary teeth compared with those who used gums containing fluoride, sorbitol and lower amounts of xylitol.

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

Use of chewing gum containing 15% of xylitol and reduction in mutans streptococci salivary levels

Xylitol Content in Dental Care and Food Products Available on the Polish Market and Their Significance in Caries Prevention

Maternal Oral Bacterial Levels Predict Early Childhood Caries Development

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