We examine socioanalytic theory from a leadership perspective and extend this research to examine the mediating mechanisms through which leader getting ahead motive and social competence influence leader effectiveness outcomes. A first-stage moderated mediation model was tested and supported, positioning the Leader Motive to Get Ahead × Political Skill interaction as influencing perceived institutional effectiveness and follower satisfaction with one's leader through leader initiating structure behavior. This research both supports the relevance of socioanalytic theory for predicting leadership outcomes and extends socioanalytic theory to examine a mediating mechanism through which the interaction of the leader getting ahead motive and social competencies affects relevant performance outcomes. Contributions, strengths and limitations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.Socioanalytic theory assumes that two basic motives underlie social interaction (R. Hogan, 1983(R. Hogan, , 1996. Specifically, people are motivated to (a) gain status, power, and the control of resources, and fear the loss of status and control (get ahead), and (b) feel accepted and supported and fear social isolation (get along). Getting ahead and getting along are universal themes in human affairs