Career Duration in a Competitive Environment: The Labor Market for Soccer Players in Germany

Coaching for survival: the hazards of head coach careers in the German ‘Bundesliga’

“…Kahane (2000, 2004) analyse the salary determination in USA national Hockey League. Finally, Frick and Simmons (2005) study data from the German Bundesliga (for a description of the data set see below) and McCormick and Clement (1992) rely on data from the NBA (1980/81-1986/87). Focusing on survival models, it is verified that they are common in several fields of research, but coach survival is a rare issue, Audas, Dobson and Goddard (1999), Audas, Goddard and Rowe (2006).…”

“…It is one of the few "stylized facts" in the sports economics literature that expensive teams are performing better than clubs with moderate or even low wage bills (see Szymanski 2003, Forrest andSimmons 2004).…”

“…This technique has been previously used in sports by Okhusa (1999Okhusa ( , 2001) and Frick, Pietzner and Prinz (2006) and is currently being adopted elsewhere in fields such as labour economics (Carrasco 1999;Tribó, 2005;Cueto and Mato, 2006;Collier, 2005;Haurin and Sridhar, 2003;Gonzalo, 2002), in international relations (Box Steffensmeier, Reiter and Zorn 2003;Barros, Passos and Alana, 2005), corporate finance (Holtz-Eakin et al 1994, Orbe, Ferreira andNúñez Antón, 2002;Leung, Rigby and Young, 2003) and industry (Requena-Silvente and Walker, 2005).…”

The Short and Long-Run Labor Market Effects of Age Eligibility Rules: Evidence from Women’s Professional Tennis

“…Our paper also relates to the general economics literature on child labor (Baland and Robinson 2000;Grootaert and Kanbur 1995) and sports economics literatures on labor market regulation and tennis. A particularly related sports labor paper is Frick et al (2007) who found that the Bosman court decision, a ruling that invalidated certain league policies on player eligibility, had the effect of cutting individual career length in European football due to its impact on the market for football transfers. The majority of literature on the sport of tennis focuses on differences between the genders (Coate and Robbins 2001;DuBois and Heyndels 2007;Koning 2009).…”

Why football players may benefit from the ‘shadow of the transfer system’

“…Moreover, on average, the career duration of a professional football player is very short compared with other labourmarkets. According to Frick et al (2007) 'more than one third of all players 'disappear' again after their first season and only one career out of 12 lasts for 10 years and more.' During this short career duration, the high performance uncertainty creates strong incentives for the player to buy insurance against income uncertainty.…”