“…Studies in other surgical subspecialties have shown similar results: male faculty publish more often than female faculty do, 42 but when adjusted for other factors (track, rank, and years in each rank), there is no difference in productivity. 3,4 Other research indicates that women have lower productivity as measured by h-index early in their careers, 28 though the publication productivity of women reaches and may exceed that of men later in their careers. 28,43 Our sample may suggest similar resultsassistant professor men outperformed women of the same rank, but both the sexes were nearly equal at the associate professor rank.…”