Cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in southwest Nigeria: Patterns and prevalence

Oluyombo, Rotimi; Olamoyegun, Michael Adeyemi; Olaifa, O; Iwuala, S.O; Babatunde, Oluwole Adeyemi

doi:10.1016/j.jegh.2014.07.002

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…This finding agrees with other studies on independent CVD risk factors, which showed an increase in prevalence with increase in age [36, 37]. No significant predicted age difference was observed in population with and without IFG and IFG co-morbidity with risk factors, except in overweight/obese.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and there are reports of increasing prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria. This study therefore characterised CVDs risk factors in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes.MethodsData from 4 population-based cross-sectional studies on 2447 apparently healthy individuals from 18 - 89 years were analysed. Anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected and classified. Individuals with IFG (prediabetes) and diabetes were merged each for positive cases of dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure (HBP) or obesity. Optimal Discriminant and Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis (HO-CTA) were employed.ResultsOverall prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 5.8% (CI: 4.9 – 6.7%) and 3.1% (CI: 2.4 – 3.8%), respectively. IFG co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%; CI: 4.1 – 5.8%) was the highest followed by overweight/obese (3.1%; CI: 2.5 – 3.8%) and HBP (1.8%; CI: 1.3 – 2.4%). The predicted age of IFG or diabetes and their co-morbidity with other CVD risk factors were between 40 – 45 years. Elevated blood level of total cholesterol was the most predictive co-morbid risk factor among IFG and diabetes subjects. Hypertriglyceridaemia was an important risk factor among IFG-normocholesterolaemic-overweight/obese individuals.ConclusionThe higher prevalence of co-morbidity of CVD risk factors with IFG than in diabetes plus the similar age of co-morbidity between IFG and diabetes highlights the need for risk assessment models for prediabetes and education of individuals at risk about factors that mitigate development of diabetes and CVDs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3910-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

et al. 2017

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“…These findings were likely a result of the higher cut-off point for women than men in the definition. On the other hand, high prevalence of cardiovascular risk in women was also reported by other studies [47-49]. The higher prevalence of diabetes among females was also indicated in previous research [50, 51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Prevalence of Pragmatically Defined High CV Risk and its Correlates in LMIC: A Report From 10 LMIC Areas in Africa, Asia, and South America

Carrillo‐Larco

Miranda

Cui

et al. 2016

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Background Current available tools for assessing high cardiovascular risk (HCR) often require measurements not available in resource-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is a need to assess HCR using a pragmatic evidence-based approach. Objective To report the prevalence of HCR in ten LMIC areas in Africa, Asia and South America, and to investigate the profiles and correlates of HCR. Methods Cross-sectional analysis using data from the NHLBI-UHG Centers of Excellence. HCR was defined as history of heart disease/heart attack, history of stroke, older age (≥50 years for men and ≥60 for women) with history of diabetes, or older age with systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg. Prevalence estimates were standardized to the WHO World Standard Population. Results A total of 37,067 subjects aged ≥35 years were included; 53.7% were women and mean age was 53.5 (±12.1) years. The overall age-standardized prevalence of HCR was 15.4% (95% CI: 15.0-15.7), ranging from 8.3% (India, Bangalore) to 23.4% (Bangladesh). Among men, the prevalence was 1.7% for the younger age group (35-49 years) and 29.1% for the older group (≥50); among women, 3.8% for the younger group (35-59 years) and 40.7% for the older group (≥60). Among the older group, measured systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg (with or without other conditions) was the most common criterion for having HCR, followed by diabetes. The proportion of having met more than one criterion was nearly 20%. Age, education, and body mass index were significantly associated with HCR. Cross-site differences existed and were attenuated after adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index. Conclusions The prevalence of HCR in ten LMIC areas was generally high. This study provides a starting point to define targeted populations that may benefit from interventions combining both primary and secondary prevention strategies.

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“…32 39 40 A repeated cross-sectional study reported an increase over time in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in Dar es Salaam with a prevalence of 17% in 1987 vs 30% in 1998 in men, and 7% vs 50% in women. 39 The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in our sample was higher than that reported by studies conducted between 2008 and 2014 in rural Uganda (3% men, 8% women), 9 peri-urban Nigeria (2% men, 6% women) 8 and blacks in urban South Africa (25% men, 23% women), 41 but is lower than that reported in a study from Senegal (54% men, 61% women) that included both urban and rural participants. 42 Our estimated association between palm oil versus sunflower oil use and serum total cholesterol is consistent with findings from dietary observational studies and intervention trials.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…5 Sub-Saharan Africans have historically had a favourable lipid profile 6 but hyperlipidaemia is becoming increasingly common in these countries, especially in urban areas. [7][8][9] It is estimated that 34% of IHD deaths in Tanzania are attributable to dyslipidaemia. 10 A few studies have already explored the relationship between diet and serum total cholesterol in eastern sub-Saharan Africa…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

et al. 2017

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Objective To assess the dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol. Design Cross-sectional population-based study. Setting Peri-urban region of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Participants 347 adults aged 40 years and older from the Dar es Salaam Urban Cohort Hypertension Study. Main outcome measure Serum total cholesterol measured using a point-of-care device. Results Mean serum total cholesterol level was 204 mg/dL (IQR 169–236 mg/dL) in women and 185 mg/dL (IQR 152–216 mg/dL) in men. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and dietary factors, participants who reported using palm oil as the major cooking oil had serum total cholesterol higher by 15 mg/dL (95% CI 1 to 29 mg/dL) compared with those who reported using sunflower oil. Consumption of one or more servings of meat per day (p for trend=0.017) and less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day (p for trend=0.024) were also associated with higher serum total cholesterol. A combination of using palm oil for cooking, eating more than one serving of meat per day and fewer than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, was associated with 46 mg/dL (95% CI 16 to 76 mg/dL) higher serum total cholesterol. Conclusions Using palm oil for cooking was associated with higher serum total cholesterol levels in this peri-urban population in Dar es Salaam. Reduction of saturated fat content of edible oil may be considered as a population-based strategy for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in semi-urban communities in southwest Nigeria: Patterns and prevalence

Abstract: High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors call for an urgent need for more public health attention and reinforcement of primary preventive strategies to curb its menace.

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

Prevalence of Pragmatically Defined High CV Risk and its Correlates in LMIC: A Report From 10 LMIC Areas in Africa, Asia, and South America

Dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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