Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and there are reports of increasing prevalence of prediabetes in Nigeria. This study therefore characterised CVDs risk factors in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes.MethodsData from 4 population-based cross-sectional studies on 2447 apparently healthy individuals from 18 - 89 years were analysed. Anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected and classified. Individuals with IFG (prediabetes) and diabetes were merged each for positive cases of dyslipidaemia, high blood pressure (HBP) or obesity. Optimal Discriminant and Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis (HO-CTA) were employed.ResultsOverall prevalence of IFG and diabetes were 5.8% (CI: 4.9 – 6.7%) and 3.1% (CI: 2.4 – 3.8%), respectively. IFG co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%; CI: 4.1 – 5.8%) was the highest followed by overweight/obese (3.1%; CI: 2.5 – 3.8%) and HBP (1.8%; CI: 1.3 – 2.4%). The predicted age of IFG or diabetes and their co-morbidity with other CVD risk factors were between 40 – 45 years. Elevated blood level of total cholesterol was the most predictive co-morbid risk factor among IFG and diabetes subjects. Hypertriglyceridaemia was an important risk factor among IFG-normocholesterolaemic-overweight/obese individuals.ConclusionThe higher prevalence of co-morbidity of CVD risk factors with IFG than in diabetes plus the similar age of co-morbidity between IFG and diabetes highlights the need for risk assessment models for prediabetes and education of individuals at risk about factors that mitigate development of diabetes and CVDs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3910-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study (PACCS): international collaboration 4 years’ summary and future direction

“…Inferential statistics involving “Cross-tabulation between dichotomous variables of total physical activity and metabolic syndrome risk factors, education, work status and income status were generated to assess the prevalence of physical activity/inactivity across the different socio-demographic/economic variables and metabolic syndrome risk factors” [10]. In the evaluation of Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus, optimal discriminant analysis and ‘Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis’ was employed [11]. More details on these research methods including statistics analyses were as published [3, 8–11].…”

“…In the evaluation of Cardiovascular disease risk factors in a Nigerian population with impaired fasting blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus, optimal discriminant analysis and ‘Hierarchical Optimal Classification Tree Analysis’ was employed [11]. More details on these research methods including statistics analyses were as published [3, 8–11]. …”

“…2). Collaborative consolidated data indicate overall prevalence of 5.8% impaired fasting glucose and 3.1% diabetes [11].

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“…This indicates proportion of participants in the population without priori assessment of MS. Second, in terms of CVD risk factors associated with IFG, co-morbidity with dyslipidaemia (5.0%) was the highest followed by obesity (3.1%) and hypertension (1.8%) [11]. Relative to the first point, this indicates prediabetic participants with MS (Table 1).…”

Visit‐to‐Visit Variability of Fasting Plasma Glucose and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality in the General Population

“…Management of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels associated with incident CVD and all‐cause mortality in the general population is an ongoing challenge for primary health care decision makers. Indeed, people with excessive high or low glucose levels have a high risk of CVD and all‐cause mortality 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Therefore, the main reason for CVD is thought to be not only chronic hyperglycemia or other traditional risk factors, but also frequent hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes that accompany the disease's daily course.…”