Cardiovascular risk factors in developing countries: A review of
                        clinico-epidemiological evidence

Prasad, D.S.; Kabir, Zubair; Dash, Ashok Kumar; Das, B. C.

doi:10.1016/j.cvdpc.2010.09.001

Cited by 24 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…However studies done in other South Asian countries on young females have shown the prevalence to be between 6.8 to 17.5 percent. 7,8,10,20,30,31,35 A study conducted in Pakistan which was not genderspecific, showed a prevalence between 39%-45%. 11 However, another study conducted in Pakistan found a prevalence of 23.6% in the age group 30-39, while between 40-49 the prevalence rate was 20.3%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Several studies have shown that South Asians are at a greater risk of CVD because of their increased body fat and increased abdominal fat distribution at similar BMIs than Caucasians. 8,15,23 The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is on the rise, leading to increased morbidity. Since obesity tracks from childhood into adulthood, the clinical events must be recognized earlier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since obesity tracks from childhood into adulthood, the clinical events must be recognized earlier. 8 Physiological changes in females have been explored that tend to increase the risk of inactivity, obesity and metabolic syndrome. 34 Pregnancy is another stage marked with weight gain, and retaining this body weight contributes to overweight and obesity in women of childbearing age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in lifestyle, physical inactivity, lack of education, nutritional status as well as environmental and social factors are responsible for this rising prevalence of Metabolic syndrome at a younger age. 8 ATPIII considered the obesity (BMI>25 kg/ m 2 according to WHO) epidemic as mainly responsible for the rising prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The accumulation of fat in a central distribution has emerged as a cardiovascular risk factor independent of overall obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Syndrome; Are Our Women at Risk to Develop. A Study at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Sohail

Nadeem

Ali

2017

TPMJ

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Metabolic syndrome is a congregation of central obesity, dyslipidemia, raised blood sugar levels, increasing the individual's susceptibility to Type II Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young, urban, female population. (2) To determine the risk factors in poor, urban, female population. Study Design: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: The department of Gynae/ Obst Unit II KMDC/Abbasi Shaheed hospital. Period: One year starting from January 2016 to December 2016. Material and Method: Approval was taken from ESRC of KMDC. All healthy asymptomatic married/single women between 18-49 years of age were included while women <18 or >50 years of age, diabetic, hypertensive or having bleeding disorders were excluded from study. Laboratory data included blood sugar, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, collected by phlebotomist from the participants in fasting state through venipuncture. A Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association of demographic group variables and metabolic syndrome. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. There was no conflict of interest. Result: A total of 343 participants were recruited. The socio and demographic data is summarized in Table-I. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was found to be high. 227(66.2%) of participants were having Metabolic syndrome according to NCEP ATP III criteria. 63(18.4 %) had history of PIH while 52(15.2%) had family history of hypertension and 126(36.7 %) had family history of both Hypertension and Diabetes. 232 (67.6 %) of women had sedentary life style and only 3(0.9%) practiced aerobic exercises. 287(83.7%) had their waist circumference of >80cm, the mean systolic blood pressure was 127.5 +-23.76 while the mean diastolic blood pressure was 86.99+-57.36. The mean of BMI was at higher level 30.97+-6.41. Obesity is the most common risk factor for Metabolic syndrome. The mean of fasting blood sugar was 105.08+-42.16 which was on higher side. The mean of Triglycerides 142.43+-61.12 and HDL 39.04+-12.45 were within normal limits. Increased prevalence was observed in women who had PIH during pregnancy and childbirth 25.1% v 5.2%(p value=0.001). Conclusion: Prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome is a big challenge. Lifestyle interventions should begin from the early childhood to reduce weight and to prevent development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic Syndrome; Are Our Women at Risk to Develop. A Study at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Sohail

Nadeem

Ali

2017

TPMJ

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“…3 Presently, the greatest public health challenge to developing countries is to control epidemics of chronic non-communicable diseases, specifically CVD, CHD, diabetes and stroke which have caused almost doubled mortality rates than other communicable diseases in India. 4 Over past three decades, the field of medicine has made drastic progress in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of CVD. The Framingham Heart Study and the Seven Countries' Study were the two major studies that made significant contribution in identifying major risk factors for CVD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of 10 years risk prediction of CAD – applying “Framingham risk scores” among the coal mine employees of the Singareni Collieries company ltd, Telangana state, India

Mahabhashyam

Singh

Carolin

et al. 2017

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) has become the leading cause of death. Many tools for CVD risk assessment have been devised. While it is relatively easy to identify those who are obviously at high risk, the health expenditure can be predicted and necessary high risk based preventive care programmes can be introduced. The study has been taken up with an objective of assessing “10 years risk prediction of CAD, Among the Coal Mine Employees by applying “Framingham Risk Scores.”.Methods: Study population: coal mine employees (30-60 years of age). Study area: Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), Telangana State, India. Study design: cross-sectional observational study. Sample size: 53367coal mine workers. Sampling methods: All coal mine employees (30-60 years) working atleast of 10 years duration and those who have given consent for the study have been included. Data collection: collected from the periodic medical examination records from 2008 to 2012. Analysis: By using Micro soft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 19.Results: Majority of the workers were in the age group of 51-60 years of age, followed by 41-50 years (31.5%). 11.9% has mild risk, 3.2% has moderate risk and 0.6% has severe risk of CAD. Mining Surface labourers has marginally higher risk of CAD than “Mining Supervisory and Managerial Staff’, Opencast mining staff were found to at higher risk of CAD.Conclusions: Mining Surface labourers and opencast mining staff were found to at higher risk of CAD.

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Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Asian Indians: A community survey from urban Eastern India

Prasad

Kabir

Dash

et al. 2012

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Revi

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Cardiovascular risk factors in developing countries: A review of clinico-epidemiological evidence

Cited by 24 publications

References 62 publications

Metabolic Syndrome; Are Our Women at Risk to Develop. A Study at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

Metabolic Syndrome; Are Our Women at Risk to Develop. A Study at Abbasi Shaheed Hospital

A study of 10 years risk prediction of CAD – applying “Framingham risk scores” among the coal mine employees of the Singareni Collieries company ltd, Telangana state, India

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Asian Indians: A community survey from urban Eastern India

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