Metabolic syndrome is a congregation of central obesity, dyslipidemia, raised bloodsugar levels, increasing the individual’s susceptibility to Type II Diabetes and cardiovasculardiseases. Objectives: (1) To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in young, urban,female population. (2) To determine the risk factors in poor, urban, female population. StudyDesign: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Setting: The department of Gynae/Obst Unit II KMDC/Abbasi Shaheed hospital. Period: One year starting from January 2016 toDecember 2016. Material and Method: Approval was taken from ESRC of KMDC. All healthyasymptomatic married/single women between 18-49 years of age were included while women<18 or >50 years of age, diabetic, hypertensive or having bleeding disorders were excludedfrom study. Laboratory data included blood sugar, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, collected byphlebotomist from the participants in fasting state through venipuncture. A Chi-square test wasapplied to evaluate the association of demographic group variables and metabolic syndrome.P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. There was no conflict of interest. Result:A total of 343 participants were recruited. The socio and demographic data is summarized inTable-I. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome was found to be high. 227(66.2%) of participantswere having Metabolic syndrome according to NCEP ATP III criteria. 63(18.4 %) had history ofPIH while 52(15.2%) had family history of hypertension and 126(36.7 %) had family historyof both Hypertension and Diabetes. 232 (67.6 %) of women had sedentary life style and only3(0.9%) practiced aerobic exercises. 287(83.7%) had their waist circumference of >80cm, themean systolic blood pressure was 127.5 +-23.76 while the mean diastolic blood pressure was86.99+-57.36. The mean of BMI was at higher level 30.97+-6.41. Obesity is the most commonrisk factor for Metabolic syndrome. The mean of fasting blood sugar was 105.08+-42.16which was on higher side. The mean of Triglycerides 142.43+-61.12 and HDL 39.04+-12.45were within normal limits. Increased prevalence was observed in women who had PIH duringpregnancy and childbirth 25.1% v 5.2%(p value=0.001). Conclusion: Prevention and treatmentof metabolic syndrome is a big challenge. Lifestyle interventions should begin from the earlychildhood to reduce weight and to prevent development of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Objective: To find out the frequency of vitamin-D deficiency during pregnancy by using Serum 25 hydroxy vitamin-D3 leveland to evaluate the risk factors associated with low level of vitamin-D. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Gynae and obstetricunit II in Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi. Period: February 2011 to July 2011. Material and methods: Design: All patients with historyof chronic renal disease, liver disorder, PIH, GDM, twin gestation, anti tuberculous treatment and antiepileptic treatment with excluded.Data was collected by predesigned proforma through personal interview. Result: This study showed 49 cases (98%) of primigravidawere vitamin-D deficiency. The highest low level was in 15-25 years of age. The mean concentration of 25bOH vitamin-D 3 was 10.30ng/ml.60 % of women had severe vitamin-D deficiency with level of 25 OH vitamin-D3 was lessthan 10ng/ml. Risk factors associated withlow level of vitamin-D3 included dietary deficiency , lack of sun exposure and practicing veil. Conclusions: Pregnant women includingprimigravida in Pakistan are at risk of vitamin-D deficiency. 25 (OH) assay should be used as an aid in assessment of vitamin-D deficiencyduring pregnancy so that proper correction can be achieved. Women who are deficient in vitamin-D should be counseled regardingmaternal and neonatal risk, a balanced diet ,limited sun exposure and compliance of vitamin-D supplement to ensure normal maternal andfetal outcome. Every women should provided by vitamin-D supplement prior to pregnancy.
Background: Pakistan is among the most populous countries of South East Asia with very high maternal mortality rate. One of the reasons of this elevated maternal mortality is non-availability of skilled workers at the time of labour. Objective: The study was carried out to see the frequency of abuse and disrespect during childbirth at a public sector hospital of Karachi and whether it affects their choice regarding the place of delivery in future pregnancy or not? Methodology: A cross sectional study was done after ethical review board approval and consent. A prevalidated questionnaire was used to collect the data from 476 women after their delivery but before they get discharged from the heath facility. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Univariate and multivariate analysis was done using spss 25. Result: Out of 466 patients, 401 (86%) reported some kind of disrespect and abuse from health care providers. Around 60% responded that they were not introduced to the health provider while 30% complained regarding the lack of involvement during and before the procedure. Almost 25% participants complained that no barrier was used to cover them during the procedure. Conclusion: Given study revealed that the occurrence of non-dignified maternity care is frequent in the area studied. Hospital administration and health policy makers should make sure and reinforce the training of health personnel who exhibit non dignified behavior towards laboring woman. This will help in reducing the maternal humiliation and psychological trauma of vulnerable women in public sector hospitals. Moreover maternal health will also improve as more women will attend health care facility for labour and delivery. Keywords: Disrespect, Abuse, Respectful maternity care, Facility delivery, maternal health
Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge, perception and ever use of moderncontraception methods among women of reproductive age. Study Design: Cross sectionalstudy. Place and Duration: Gynecology and Obstetrics unit II in Abbasi Shaheed Hospitalduring 1st Mar 2015 to 30th Jul 2015. Method: This is a prospective study which was carried outat Abbasi Shaheed Hospital. All Female of reproductive age attending Gynecology ward weretaken except those not willing to participate .Data was collected by researcher through face toface interview after taking verbal consent in local language. Participants were asked about sociodemographic characters including age, parity, education, knowledge, income, perception,its barrier and use of contraception and source of information regarding contraception. Apredesigned questionnaire was used to enter data. Data analysis was performed using SPSSVersion 20. Results presented in tables. Dependent variables were included knowledge ofmodern family planning methods, perception, and ever use of modern contraception methods.Regression analysis will be used to identify respondent characteristics that predict ever useof modern contraception methods. Result: The mean age of respondents was 27.9 years.Literacy rate: 70.2% had no education.17.7% had primary education, and higher education wasfound only in 2.3%. 22.55% had heard about modern contraceptive methods while 77.44%had never heard about it. Amongst users of different modrencontracetion.80% had never usedany kind of contraceptives, while the most common form of contraception was condoms usedby 7.9%. Conclusion: Frequency of contraception is low among the target population, bothbecause of low level of awareness, along with a desire for large family not only amongst womenbut also pressure from husband, mother in law, religious concern.
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