Cardiovascular risk factors in China: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Li, Xi; Wu, Chaoqun; Lu, Jiapeng; Chen, Bowang; Li, Yichong; Yang, Yang; Hu, Shengshou; Li, Jing

doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30191-2

Cited by 150 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Also, another study was done in the Saudi population show (32.1%) had a high total cholesterol level [25]. In China the prevalence of high cholesterol was (31•0%) and the prevalence in male was 31•2% and female 30•6% [24]. On the other hand, our results were slightly higher in comparison to study done in Al-Qassim, KSA.…”

Section: Fig 5 the Percentage Of Participants Who Are Consuming Daily Salts And Coffeecontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Shahin¹,

Mahmoud²,

Al-Shmaily³

et al. 2021

JPRI

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and representing 31% of all global deaths according to WHO. So, this study may be useful to detect the risk factors of CVDs and how to prevent them to help in reducing the rate of deaths due to these diseases. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Hail region, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: The study was carried out through an observational cross-sectional study on 300 participants from Hail region including both genders (females 231 [77%] & males 69 [23%]) with age group range from 18 years-old and above. The study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: The highest risk factor for CVDs was obesity, the total number of overweight, obese and extremely obese was 171 (57%) which was more pronounced with peoples at the age of 31-45 years old. Other risk factors that were found in our participants were hypertension (8.3%), diabetes mellitus(DM, 7.3%),family history of diseases (80.4%), consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables (62.7%), always drinking coffee (60.9%), physical inactivity (34.7%), consuming fast foods more than one time per week (32.4%) and smoking 10.3%.We can conclude that many risk factors for CVDs were prevalent among Hail population either non modifiable (family history of diseases) or modifiable (obesity, physical inactivity, fast foods, insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables) showed a considerable percentage which needs awareness programs for Hail population.

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Section: Fig 5 the Percentage Of Participants Who Are Consuming Daily Salts And Coffeecontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…On the other hand, study in Emirates represented high prevalence of DM (42.8%) either for males or females [23]. The prevalence of DM in China in both rural and urban areas was (7.8%) and the prevalence in urban was higher (9%) in comparison to rural (7.1%) [24].…”

Section: Fig 5 the Percentage Of Participants Who Are Consuming Daily Salts And Coffeementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Shahin¹,

Mahmoud²,

Al-Shmaily³

et al. 2021

JPRI

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“…Evidence suggests the risk of CVD varies greatly across different regions in China (34). The patients in Hou et al were recruited from six cities in China (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Xian), whilst all patients in the HD/HP trial were recruited from Shanghai, which is in the region with the lowest risk of CVD (35). Hou et al is a retrospective cohort study whilst the HD/HP trial is a randomized trial, and it has been reported that patients participating in trials experienced better outcomes compared with those outside trials (36,37).…”

Section: The Main Findings and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-effectiveness analysis of hemodialysis plus hemoperfusion versus hemodialysis alone in adult patients with end-stage renal disease in China

Wang¹,

Jin

Cheng³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of hemodialysis (HD) plus hemoperfusion (HP) with HD alone in adult patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in China.Methods: A Markov model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of interventions over a lifetime horizon. Model parameters were informed by the HD/HP trial, the first randomized, open-label multicenter trial comparing survival outcomes and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for HD + HP versus HD alone, and supplemented by published literature and expert opinion. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) with respect to quality adjusted life-years (QALY). The robustness of the results was examined in extensive sensitivity analyses. Analyses were conducted from a healthcare perspective. Costs were reported in both Chinese Renminbi (RMB) and US Dollars (USD) in 2019 values. Results:The base case ICER of HD + HP is RMB 174,486 (USD 25,251) per QALY, which is lower than the RMB 212,676 (USD 30,778) willingness-to-pay threshold of three times Gross Domestic Product. This conclusion is sensitive to the mortality for patients with no severe CVD events, the incidence of CVD events, and the cost of HP and HD. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of RMB 212,676 (USD 30,778) per QALY gained, the probability that HD + HP is cost-effective is 58%.

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“…Obesity is a major public health issue in China and all over the world [ 1 ]. Although Asia has reportedly the lowest rate of obesity and overweight, there is an alarmingly increasing trend in the past decades, with the prevalence of overweight and obesity increasing from 12.6% in 1980 to 30.5% in 2015 [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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Background We aimed to assess the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors among overweight and obese adults in China, and to demonstrate the sex differences in these associations. Methods A total of 1221 participants (455 males and 766 females) were included in this study. Percentage of body fat (PBF) of the whole body and regional areas, including arm, thigh, trunk, android, and gynoid, were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method. Central adiposity was measured by waist circumference. Clustered cardiometabolic risk was defined as the presence of two or more of the six cardiometabolic risk factors, namely, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein, elevated glucose, elevated blood pressure, elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein, and low adiponectin. Linear regression models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between whole body or regional PBF and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In females, except arm adiposity, other regional fat (thigh, trunk, android, gynoid) and whole-body PBF are significantly associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk, adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, physical activity, and whole-body PBF. One-SD increase in Z scores of the thigh and gynoid PBF were significantly associated with 80 and 78% lower odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.12–0.35 and OR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.12–0.41). Trunk, android and whole-body PBF were significantly associated with higher odds of clustered risk with OR of 1.90 (95%CI:1.02–3.55), 2.91 (95%CI: 1.75–4.85), and 2.01 (95%CI: 1.47–2.76), respectively. While in males, one-SD increase in the thigh and gynoid PBF are associated with 94% (OR: 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02–0.23) and 83% lower odds (OR: 0.17, 95%CI: 0.05–0.57) of clustered cardiometabolic risk, respectively. Android and whole-body PBF were associated with higher odds of clustered cardiometabolic risk (OR: 3.39, 95%CI: 1.42–8.09 and OR: 2.45, 95%CI: 1.53–3.92), but the association for trunk PBF was not statistically significant (OR: 1.16, 95%CI: 0.42–3.19). Conclusions Adiposity distribution plays an important role in the clustered cardiometabolic risk in participants with overweight and obese and sex differences were observed in these associations. In general, central obesity (measured by android PBF) could be the best anthropometric measurement for screening people at risk for CVD risk factors for both men and women. Upper body fat tends to be more detrimental to cardiometabolic health in women than in men, whereas lower body fat is relatively more protective in men than in women.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in China: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Cited by 150 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among People in Hail City, Saudi Arabia

Cost-effectiveness analysis of hemodialysis plus hemoperfusion versus hemodialysis alone in adult patients with end-stage renal disease in China

Sex differences in the associations between adiposity distribution and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese individuals: a cross-sectional study

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