Cardiovascular risk assessment of dyslipidemic middle-aged adults without overt cardiovascular disease over the period of 2009–2016 in Lithuania

Abstract

BackgroundCardiovascular mortality in Lithuania is extremely high and abnormal lipid levels are very common among Lithuanian adults. Dyslipidemia is one of the main independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) leading to high absolute CVD risk. The aim of this study was to assess CVD risk in dyslipidemic middle-aged subjects.MethodsDuring the period of 2009–2016 a total of 92,373 people (58.4% women and 41.6% men) were evaluated. This study included men aged 40–54 and women aged 50–64 without overt CVD.ResultsAny type of dyslipidemia was present in 89.7% of all study population. 7.5% of dyslipidemic patients did not have any other conventional risk factors. Three and more risk factors were detected in 60.1% of dyslipidemic subjects. All analyzed risk factors, except smoking, were more common in dyslipidemic adults compared to subjects without dyslipidemia: arterial hypertension (55.8% vs. 43.3%, p < 0.001), diabetes (11.1% vs. 7.3%, p < 0.001), abdominal obesity (45.3% vs. 30.2%, p < 0.001), BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (35.8% vs. 23.7%, p < 0.001), metabolic syndrome (34.0% vs. 9.2%, p < 0.001), family history of coronary heart disease (26.3% vs. 23.1%, p < 0.001), unbalanced diet (62.5% vs. 52.9%, p < 0.001) and insufficient physical activity (52.0% vs. 44.2%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of all evaluated risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Average SCORE index was 1.87 in all study population, while dyslipidemic subjects had higher SCORE compared to control group (1.95 vs 1.20, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAlmost two thirds of dyslipidemic middle-aged Lithuanian adults without overt cardiovascular disease had three or more other CVD risk factors, which synergistically increase absolute risk of CVD. The average 10-year risk of CVD death in patients with dyslipidemia was 1.95%. The importance of managing dyslipidemia as well as other risk factors in order to reduce burden of cardiovascular disease in Lithuania is evident.

Prevalence of a combination of hypertension and dyslipidemia among the adult population of a large East Siberian region

“…Таким образом, в Красноярском крае высокую распространенность имеет не только АГ (49,4%) [20], но и ее комбинация с ДЛП, составившая, по результатам настоящего исследования, 40%. Этот показатель оказался выше результатов эпидемиологических исследований в США (15-31%) [11][12][13], но ниже по сравнению с Литвой [5].…”

“…Сочетание АГ с важнейшим параметром нарушения липидного обмена -повышенным уровнем ХС ЛНП ("основным драйвером атерогенеза") регистрируется у 1/3 взрослого населения, у ~40% лиц в возрасте 45-54 лет и у более половины населения Красноярского края в возрасте 55-64 лет. Данная комбинация сопоставима по своей распространенности с США [12], но ниже в сравнении с литовской [5] и малайзийской популяцией [21].…”

“…Данные эпидемиологических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что >90% пациентов с артериальной гипертонией (АГ) в Северной Америке, Европе и Ближнем Востоке и >80% в Австралии, Латинской Америке и Азии имеют хотя бы один дополнительный фактор сердечно-сосудистого риска [1]. В частности, распространенность дислипидемии (ДЛП) среди лиц с АГ в ~1,2-1,5 раза выше, чем в общей популяции [2][3][4][5].…”

Plasma Cathepsin L Level is Positively Associated with Arterial Stiffness in Geriatric Patients

“…Type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered if fasting plasma glucose (FBG) ≥126 mg/dL or random plasma glucose ≥198 mg/dL or using diabetes medication. A person was regarded as dyslipidemia if total cholesterol (TC) >200 mg/dL, or low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) >120 mg/dL, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, or triglycerides (TG) >150 mg/dL [11,12].…”