Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Chart by Dietary Factors in Japan　― NIPPON DATA80 ―

Abstract

benefits of consuming several food groups for the reduction of CVD risk. 11-15 However, it is also important for the clinical setting and preventive medicine to show the recommended amount of each food. Japanese people are well known to have a high salt intake, and salt consumption is known to be an independent risk factor for CVD. 9 Therefore, salt intake is an important consideration if associations between diet and CVD risk are to be established for Japanese people. In the present study, we constructed a risk assessment M any observational studies have reported an association of dietary intake with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. In particular, higher consumption of vegetables, 1-4 fruit, 1-4 and fish, 5-7 and a lower consumption of salt, 8-10 have been shown to be associated with lower risk of CVD in people from Asian countries, including Japan, as well as in those from Western countries. An association between dietary patterns and CVD risk has also been reported. 11-15 Principal component analysis, used to identify dietary patterns, has revealed the

Intake of Fish and Marine n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

“…After screening the title and abstract, forty-five studies were selected for full-text evaluation. By full-text examination, twenty-five articles were eventually included for data synthesis with 2,027,512 participants and 103,734 CVD deaths [ 11 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

“…Eighteen studies, involving 1,267,951 participants and 51,628 CVD deaths, investigated the association between the fish intake and the CVD mortality risk [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 40 ]. The pooled RR (95% CI) was 0.91 (0.85–0.98) for the highest versus the lowest fish consumption category (I 2 = 70.0%) ( Figure 2 ).…”

“…A recent meta-analysis of prospective observational studies revealed a negative association between fish intake and CVD mortality risk [ 12 ]. In recent years, another 11 prospective cohort studies investigated the association between fish intake and CVD mortality risk, but the findings were inconsistent [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The EPIC-Netherlands cohort study suggested that fish was not associated with the risk of CVD mortality [ 17 ].…”

Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

“…A total of 43 articles were eligible for a full-text review. Among the 43 articles reviewed, 36 [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ] met all the inclusion criteria ( Figure 1 ). Twenty-four studies were included for highest versus lowest meta-analysis between dietary sodium intake and CVD risk.…”

“…Twenty-four studies were included for highest versus lowest meta-analysis between dietary sodium intake and CVD risk. For the dose-response meta-analysis, we excluded 4 studies [ 35 , 49 , 62 , 68 ] because they only compared the highest and lowest sodium intake categories. After estimating the trends in the dose-response meta-analysis, eight studies reported coefficients between dietary sodium intake and CVD risk, which were added to the studies in the dose-response meta-analysis.…”