“…As noted above, some individuals have a reliable tendency to express relatively large rises in blood pressure that are viewed to exceed the metabolic demands of a given stressor (Obrist, 1981). Indeed, this exaggerated cardiovascular response tendency appears to be a trait-like dispositional characteristic of some individuals (Allen et al, 1987; Cohen and Hamrick, 2003; Fauvel et al, 1996; Gerin et al, 1993; Kamarck et al, 1994; Kamarck and Lovallo, 2003; Llabre et al, 1991; Manuck et al, 1995a; Sherwood et al, 1990), which may be partially heritable (De Geus et al, 2007; Turner and Hewitt, 1992) and predictive of atherosclerotic and CHD risk early in development (Matthews et al, 2006; Roemmich et al, 2009). Moreover, individuals expressing exaggerated stressor-evoked cardiovascular reactions, particularly exaggerated blood pressure reactions, appear to be at elevated risk for precursors to CHD and related endpoints in later life.…”