Cardiovascular Modules in the Cerebellum

Nisimaru, Naoko

doi:10.2170/jjphysiol.54.431

Cited by 61 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…In addition to its role in motor control, the cerebellum is also involved in autonomic nervous function, and several studies have demonstrated that some modules within the cerebellum are dedicated to cardiovascular function and exert influence on the brainstem cardiovascular centers. 21, 22 For example, anatomic evidence supports the involvement of fastigial nucleus neurons and the medial portion of the cerebellar vermis in cardiovascular function. 23, 24 In the present study, areas of the cerebellar vermis showing increased rCBF corresponded to the medial portion of the vermis, including the fastigial nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Hiura

Nariai

Ishii

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) during dynamic exercise has never been examined quantitatively using positron emission tomography (PET). This study investigated changes in CBF that occur over the course of a moderate, steady-state cycling exercise. Global and regional CBF (gCBF and rCBF, respectively) were measured using oxygen-15-labeled water (H215O) and PET in 10 healthy human subjects at rest (Rest), at the onset of exercise (Ex1) and at a later phase in the exercise (Ex2). At Ex1, gCBF was significantly (P<0.01) higher (27.9%) than at Rest, and rCBF was significantly higher than at Rest in the sensorimotor cortex for the bilateral legs (M1Leg and S1Leg), supplementary motor area (SMA), cerebellar vermis, cerebellar hemispheres, and left insular cortex, with relative increases ranging from 37.6% to 70.5%. At Ex2, gCBF did not differ from Rest, and rCBF was significantly higher (25.9% to 39.7%) than at Rest in only the M1Leg, S1Leg, and vermis. The areas showing increased rCBF at Ex1 were consistent with the central command network and the anatomic pathway for interoceptive stimuli. Our results suggest that CBF increases at Ex1 in parallel with cardiovascular responses then recovers to the resting level as the steady-state exercise continues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Hiura

Nariai

Ishii

et al. 2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further, the medial cerebellum, particularly vermal lobules VI–VII, has been shown to participate in heart rate conditioning and the conditioned bradycardic response [55, 57, 58, 96–98]. The fastigial nucleus may also be involved in autonomic cardiovascular modulation as part of the baroreceptor reflex, and vermal stimulation may lead to changes in arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and regional blood flow [42, 54, 56, 59]. Our observations thus elaborate upon these earlier findings and provide experimental evidence in humans in favor of a role for the posterior cerebellar vermis in nonsomatic cardiovascular regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, there is accumulating evidence regarding cerebellar involvement in feeding [43–51], thirst [52, 53], cardiovascular regulation [54–59], sexual function [60–65], fear conditioning [66–72], and nociception [73–76]. These reports suggest a functional relationship between the cerebellum and the hypothalamus in the control of autonomic states relevant to emotional expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on Cerebellar Nonsomatic Functions

et al. 2010

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Clinical and functional imaging studies suggest that the cerebellar vermis is involved in the regulation of a range of nonsomatic functions including cardiovascular control, thirst, feeding behavior, and primal emotions. Cerebello-hypothalamic circuits have been postulated to be a potential neuroanatomical substrate underlying this modulation. We tested this putative relationship between the cerebellar vermis and nonsomatic functions by stimulating the cerebellum noninvasively via neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation. In this randomized, counter-balanced, within-subject study, intermittent theta burst stimulation (TBS) was applied on three different days to the vermis and the right and left cerebellar hemispheres of 12 right-handed normal subjects with the aim of modulating activity in the targeted cerebellar structure. TBS-associated changes were investigated via cardiovascular monitoring, a series of emotionally arousing picture stimuli, subjective analog scales for primal emotions, and the Profile of Mood States test. All 36 sessions of cerebellar stimulation were tolerated well without serious adverse events. Cardiovascular monitoring pointed to a mild but significant decrease in heart rate subsequent to vermal stimulation; no changes were detected in systolic or diastolic blood pressure measurements. Subjective ratings detected a significant increase in Thirst and a trend toward increased Appetite following vermal stimulation. These observations are consistent with existing neurophysiological and neuroimaging data indicating a role for the cerebellum in the regulation of visceral responses. In conjunction with the modulatory function of the cerebellum, our results suggest a role for the vermis in somatovisceral integration likely through cerebello-hypothalamic pathways. Further research is warranted to elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying the cerebellar modulation of nonsomatic functions.

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“…Reports of impaired responsiveness of arterial blood pressure to aversive stimuli in animals [87] and a less extensive increase in heart rate during fear conditioning tasks in subjects with vermal lesions [75] indicate that the cerebellum is also involved in the autonomic neural pathways that subserve the cardiovascular system in emotion regulation [87][88][89]. Furthermore, fMRI studies have implicated that the cerebellar vermis is involved in autonomic responses that are associated with fear conditioning [78][79][80]83].…”

Section: Cerebellar Involvement In the Unconscious Component Of Emotionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Studies from the past three decades have demonstrated that there is cerebellar involvement in the emotional domain. Emotional processing in humans requires both unconscious and conscious mechanisms. A significant amount of evidence indicates that the cerebellum is one of the cerebral structures that subserve emotional processing, although conflicting data has been reported on its function in unconscious and conscious mechanisms. This review discusses the available clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological data on this issue. We also propose a model in which the cerebellum acts as a mediator between the internal state and external environment for the unconscious and conscious levels of emotional processing.

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Cardiovascular Modules in the Cerebellum

Cited by 61 publications

References 110 publications

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Changes in Cerebral Blood Flow during Steady-State Cycling Exercise: A Study Using Oxygen-15-Labeled Water with PET

Modulatory Effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on Cerebellar Nonsomatic Functions

The Role of the Cerebellum in Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Emotions: A Review

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