Cardiovascular effects of environmental noise: Research in Serbia

Abstract

Research on the cardiovascular effects of noise in Serbia started in the year 2002, including experimental studies on humans and epidemiological studies on the adult and children population of Belgrade and Pancevo. Experimental exposure to noise [L eq = 89 dB (A)] had a hypodynamic effect, significantly lowering the cardiac index, cardiac work, and pump performance (P < 0.01). The vasoconstrictive effect of noise was shown through the significant elevation of after-load (P < 0.01). In a cross-sectional population study that was carried out on 2874 residents [1243 males and 1631 females] in Pancevo City, a significant odds ratio (adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habits) was found for self-reported hypertension (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.0 - 2.4, P < 0.01) in men with a high level of noise annoyance compared to those with a low level of noise annoyance. In another study on 2503 residents (995 men and 1508 women) residents of Belgrade, the proportions of men with hypertension in the noisy [(L night , 8h > 45 dB (A)] and quiet areas [(L night , 8h ≤ 45 dB (A)] were 23.6% and 17.5%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension of the exposed group was 1.58 (95% CI = 1.03 - 2.42, P = 0.038), where men living in quiet streets were taken as a reference category. Associations between road traffic noise and blood pressure were also investigated in 328 preschool children in Belgrade. The systolic blood pressure was significantly higher among children from noisy residences and kindergartens, compared to children from both quiet environments (97.30 ± 8.15 and 92.33 ± 8.64 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01). As a continuation of the study on preschool children, investigations were also carried out on 856 school children, aged between seven and eleven years, in Belgrade. It was found that systolic pressure was significantly higher among children from noisy schools and quiet residences, compared to children from both quiet environments (102.1 ± 9,3 and 100.4 ± 10.4 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.01).

Noise and health in vulnerable groups: A review

“…[26] Lepore et al, [27] concluded that compared with quiet-school children, noisy-school children had significantly lower increases in BP when exposed to either acute noise or non-noise stressors, indicative of a generalized habituation effect. Studies in Serbia [28,29] among schoolchildren and pre-school children indicated a raised BP among children from noisy schools and quiet residences compared with children from both quiet environments. There is no consistent evidence that the effect of traffic noise on cardiovascular diseases increases with age.…”

Noise and cardiovascular disease: A review of the literature 2008-2011

“…[47] studies in serbia among schoolchildren and preschool children indicated a raised bp among children from noisy schools and quiet residences, compared to children from both quiet environments. [22,48] there is no consistent evidence that in older than younger people. [48] bodin et al Found strong evidence for an age effect in the noise bp association, with a could account for differences in prevalence in future studies.…”

“…[22,48] there is no consistent evidence that in older than younger people. [48] bodin et al Found strong evidence for an age effect in the noise bp association, with a could account for differences in prevalence in future studies. [23] There is a differential, but inconclusive effect regarding gender differences in cardiovascular effects of noise.…”

“…[51] Generally speaking the methodological quality has increased on TrAP/noise correlation and in the occupational arena by the work of Sbihi et al [38,39,52] With respect to future research, reviewers are consistent in their call for more prospective studies to help elucidate underlying mechanisms of disease and the study of children, where results have been inconsistent. [2,41,48,53,54] …”

Road Traffic Noise Exposure in the City of Novi Sad: Trend Analysis and Possible Solutions

“…A noise level of 45 dB(A) causes spontaneous awakening, and awakening as a result of such derangement occurs during sleep, whereas the strength of 50 dB(A) or more prevents a person from having any rest. It can be concluded that the permanent effect of noise decreases human life expectancy by 8-10 years [27].…”