Cardiovascular Effects of Androgenic Anabolic Steroids in Male Bodybuilders Determined by Tissue Doppler Imaging

Nottin, Stéphane; Nguyen, Long-Dang; Terbah, Mohamed; Obert, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.10.026

Cited by 97 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Athletes exhibit an increased incidence of early repolarization pattern on 12 lead ECG, a pattern that can evolve with intense training and dissipate with detraining. 33 The mechanism is uncertain, but is postulated to be due to parasympathetic modulation of ventricular repolarization, increasing regional dispersion of repolarization of the ventricular myocardium 37 . This may be a direct effect of the vagus nerve in the ventricle, but could also be due to heightened vagal effects on sympathetic nervous activity -termed "accentuated antagonism" and first described at the cellular level by Bailey and Watanabe.…”

Section: Myocardial Adaptations To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several small cross-sectional observational efforts have examined the impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on cardiac structure and function. [37][38][39] In aggregate, these studies suggest that anabolic androgenic steroids may facilitate mild left ventricular hypertrophy with associated reductions in left ventricular diastolic and systolic function. At present, the dose-response relationship between steroid use and left ventricular morphology/dysfunction remains unknown.…”

Section: Performance Enhancing Drugs (Peds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiovascular adaptation in athletes

Kovacs

Baggish

2016

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

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Section: Myocardial Adaptations To Exercisementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Performance Enhancing Drugs (Peds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular adaptation in athletes

Kovacs

Baggish

2016

Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine

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“…Echocardiographic studies show that concentric LVH is a common morphological change of the heart in both long-term use of supraphysiological doses of AAS users and nonuser bodybuilder athletes. There are some studies related to the differences between pathological and physiological adaptive LVH in AAS using and nonusers (7,8) . In contrast to the physiological LVH caused by endurance training, LVH in pathological conditions like systemic hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by impaired diastolic function (29)(30)(31) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have significantly increased in long-term AAS using bodybuilders than nonusers (5) . Furthermore, recent studies have found pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction [impaired relaxation and decreased compliance of left ventricle (LV)], increased LV mass, left atrial (LA) hypertrophy, subclinical systolic impairment, increased myocardial stiffness and myocardial fibrosis in long-term AAS users (4,(7)(8)(9) . These conditions are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Left Atrial Function in Long-Term Anabolic/Androgenic Steroid Users versus Nonuser Bodybuilders by Using Two- Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

Alızade¹

2017

Kosuyolu Heart Journal

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Introduction:Long-term illicit use of supraphysiological doses of anabolic/androgenic steroids (AAS) may cause pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), diastolic dysfunction, left atrial (LA) hypertrophy, increased myocardial stiffness, and myocardial fibrosis. Therefore, distinguishing AAS-using athlete's hearts from the nonpathological "athlete's heart" is critically important. The aim of this study was to evaluate LA myocardial function using 2D-STE method in both AAS-using and drug-free bodybuilders, and assess its potential role in the differential diagnosis between these two entities. Patients and Methods:We selected a population of 33 male, competitive bodybuilders, including 15 actively using AAS for > 2 years (users) and 18 who had never used AAS (nonusers).Results: AAS users had a significantly lower global LA strain reservoir (GLAS-R), global LA strain during early diastole (GLAS-E; 38.2 ± 8.4 vs. 48.6 ± 11.9, p< 0.01; 24.4 ± 8.6 vs. 37.1 ± 12.8, p< 0.01; respectively), global LA strain rate reservoir (GLASR-R), global LA strain rate during early diastole (GLASR-E; 1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.4, p< 0.01; -1.4 ± 0.2 vs. -1.8 ± 0.3, p< 0.01; respectively) than nonusers. The univariate correlation analysis demonstrated that GLAS-R, GLAS-E, GLASR-R, and GLASR-E had a good inverse correlation with E/Em (r: -0.34, p= 0.04; r: -0.35, p= 0.04; r: -0.35, p= 0.04, and r: -0.35, p= 0.04, respectively). Conclusion:The present study confirms that LA strain and strain rate are impaired in AAS users compared to nonusers and provide valuable additional information to that obtained by conventional echocardiography in the differential diagnosis between pathological and physiological LVH. Bulgular: AAS kullanan atletlerin global SA strain reservoir (GLAS-R), global SA erken diyastol strain (GLAS-E) (38.2 ± 8.4 vs. 48.6 ± 11.9, p< 0.01; 24.4 ± 8.6 vs. 37.1 ± 12.8, p< 0.01; sırasıyla), global SA strain rate reservoir (GLASR-R), global SA erken diyastol strain rate (GLAS-E) (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.4, p< 0.01; -1.4 ± 0.2 vs. -1.8 ± 0.3, p< 0.01; sırasıyla) değerlerinin kullanmayan sporculara göre önemli ölçüde azaldığı görüldü. Univaryant korelasyon analizi GLAS-R, GLAS-E, GLASR-R ve GLASR-E değerlerinin E/Em (r: -0.34, p = 0.04; r: -0.35, p= 0.04; r: -0.35, p= 0.04 and r: -0.35, p= 0.04, sırasıyla) ile ters korelasyon olduğunu gösterdi.Sonuç: Bu çalışma SA strain ve strain rate değerlerinin AAS kullanan sporcularda kullanmayan sporculara göre azaldığı, ayrıca patolojik ve fizyolojik SVH ayırıcı tanısında konvansiyonel ekokardiyografi ile elde edilen bulgulara ek değerli bilgiler sağladığı doğrulanmıştır.

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“…In brief, these adverse effects include cardiovascular dysfunction (Lane, Grace, Smith, Morris, Cockcroft, Scanlon, et al, 2006;Nottin, Nguyen, Terbah, & Obert, 2006), liver dysfunction (Kafrouni, Anders, & Verma, 2007), reproductive difficulties (Knuth, Maniera, & Nieschlag, 1989) and suicide (Middleman, Faulkner, Woods, Emans, & DuRant, 1995;Pärssinen, Kujala, Vartiainen, Sarna, & Seppälä, 2000). A thorough analysis of the adverse effects of AS misuse is presented elsewhere (see Kanayama et al, 2008;Modlinski & Fields, 2006;Payne, Kotwinski, & Montgomery, 2004;Pope, Wood, Rogol, Nyberg, Bowers, & Bhasin, 2014) and these analyses suggest the misuse of ASs by adolescents may pose significant health consequences.…”

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confidence: 99%