Cardiovascular Effect of Bans on Smoking in Public Places

Meyers, David G.; Neuberger, John S.

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.06.065

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…When compared with non-smokers, smokers are twice as likely to experience acute myocardial infarction [1], which contributes to the increase in mortality seen in smokers [2]. The molecular mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerosis have not been fully delineated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation Reverses DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Mononuclear Cells

Ishida

Tashiro

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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ObjectiveCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which is responsible for a significant proportion of smoking-related deaths. However, the precise mechanism whereby smoking induces this pathology has not been fully delineated. Based on observation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most harmful type of DNA damage, in atherosclerotic lesions, we hypothesized that there is a direct association between smoking and DSBs. The goal of this study was to investigate whether smoking induces DSBs and smoking cessation reverses DSBs in vivo through examination of peripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs).Approach and ResultsImmunoreactivity of oxidative modification of DNA and DSBs were increased in human atherosclerotic lesions but not in the adjacent normal area. DSBs in human MNCs isolated from the blood of volunteers can be detected as cytologically visible “foci” using an antibody against the phosphorylated form of the histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). Young healthy active smokers (n = 15) showed increased γ-H2AX foci number when compared with non-smokers (n = 12) (foci number/cell: median, 0.37/cell; interquartile range [IQR], 0.31–0.58 vs. 4.36/cell; IQR, 3.09–7.39, p<0.0001). Smoking cessation for 1 month reduced the γ-H2AX foci number (median, 4.44/cell; IQR, 4.36–5.24 to 0.28/cell; IQR, 0.12–0.53, p<0.05). A positive correlation was noted between γ-H2AX foci number and exhaled carbon monoxide levels (r = 0.75, p<0.01).ConclusionsSmoking induces DSBs in human MNCs in vivo, and importantly, smoking cessation for 1 month resulted in a decrease in DSBs to a level comparable to that seen in non-smokers. These data reinforce the notion that the cigarette smoking induces DSBs and highlight the importance of smoking cessation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking Cessation Reverses DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Human Mononuclear Cells

Ishida

Tashiro

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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“…Furthermore, it has been observed that majority of participants in both the groups [208 (83.9); 304 (77.6)] smoked or chewed tobacco at workplaces. Verdonk-Kleinjan et al 37 and Meyers et al 38 reported a similar prevalence and suggested that nosmoking bans in public places and workplaces are significantly associated with increased use of tobacco, which was linked to increase in acute myocardial infarction incidence. Disease incidence can be reduced if tobacco ban policy is implemented over several years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Potential Predictor of Tobacco Cessation among Factory Workers: A Baseline Data of Worksite Tobacco Cessation Programs in the Central Part of India

Gaikwad

Bhowate²,

Bajad

et al. 2017

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice

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Aim: Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco use among factory workers and identify the predicting factors for quitting tobacco use. Materials and methods:In this cross-sectional study, a total of 640 factory workers were included and divided into the quitter group and who had never quit the tobacco habit in the past. Data were collected by standardized and validated questionnaire pro forma, which comprised the demographic profile, smoking history, and Fagerström scale to check the nicotine dependence. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Chi-squares test, whereas logistic regression was used to predict the factor for quitting the tobacco habit. All tests were applied using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. Potential Predictor of Tobacco Cessation among Factory Results:The mean age among the quitters was comparatively low than the never-quit group. Out of 640 participants, the majority of quitters and those who never quit were found to consume smokeless tobacco (232 [93.5]; 288 [73.5]). As per logistic regression analysis, gender of participants, age of starting tobacco use, and frequency of tobacco use can be considered as good predictors to quit smoking/chewing tobacco. Conclusion:The present study found that participants in the quitter group were less dependent on tobacco, and these participants were more likely to quit smoking if behavioral support was provided at the early days of the quitting attempt.Clinical significance: This study's result provides valuable insight into the current tobacco usage and potential predicting factors for quitting tobacco use among factory workers in India. These data can help in developing a policy for the implementation of tobacco cessation programs at the worksite.

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“…A number of the studies lacked such data (eg, Helena, Montana; Monroe County, Indiana; and Pueblo, Colorado). [1][2][3] There have been a relatively large number of individual studies related to exposure to secondhand smoke. Evaluations of the success of implementation of statewide clean indoor air acts have often included telephone and in-person interviews with management or employees as to reported secondhand smoke exposures, personal observations of smoking prevalence, measurements of indoor air nicotine concentrations, and measurements of salivary, urinary, or serum cotinine levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%