Cardiovascular disease risk in people with spinal cord injury: is there a possible association between reduced lung function and increased risk of diabetes and hypertension?

Köseoğlu, Belma Füsun; Safer, Vildan Binay; Öken, Öznur; Akselim, Sinem

doi:10.1038/sc.2016.101

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vascular and respiratory adaptations can occur as soon as 6 weeks after injury 9 . Chronic SCI can result in maladaptive blood pressure regulation and respiratory deficits leading to hypotension, bradycardia, dyspnea, and impaired cough that together may predict the development of cardiovascular disease 7, 10–14 . Higher SCI levels with more complete neurological lesions demonstrate greater cardiovascular and pulmonary functional deficits; however, even incomplete SCI lesions as low as L 4 should be considered as risk factors for cardiopulmonary disability as they still exhibit deficits from functional impairment due to accelerated aging, lifestyle factors, and decreased mobility 7, 15–17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Ditterline

Aslan

Randall

et al. 2018

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Ditterline

Aslan

Randall

et al. 2018

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Reduced lung function is associated with a diminished capacity of maximum oxygen uptake, which is considered to be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical exercise capacity [28]. Despite these diabetes-related reductions in the ability to oxygenate and deliver blood to peripheral tissues, some studies have found that VO 2 max is not different between subjects with type I diabetes and subjects without diabetes when matched for age, sex, body composition, and physical activity [29,30]. In this current research among University students, respiratory functions (vital capacity, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume) of those not at risk was higher than those at risk, showing that diabetes may impair lung functions.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiopulmonary health indices and diabetes risk scores in undergraduate students of a private university in Nigeria

Yesufu

Oluwasile

Oluranti

et al. 2020

Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cardiopulmonary health and its relationship with diabetes mellitus are very important but particularly underexplored in young undergraduate students of private Universities in Nigeria. This observational study investigated the effect of diabetic risk on cardiopulmonary health indices among healthy, consenting undergraduate students of a private university in Nigeria by a convenient sampling method. Cardiopulmonary health indices were assessed by anthropometry; cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by maximum oxygen uptake levels (VO 2 max), blood pressure and heart rates were measured using the Bruce treadmill protocol; oxygen saturation was determined by pulse oximetry, pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry; diabetes mellitus was risk determined by fasting blood glucose levels and the FINDRISC (Finish Diabetes Risk Score questionnaire which is a validated tool, for determining Diabetes risk; heart health awareness was determined by a modification of the healthy heart questionnaire (HHQ-GP-1) which is a standardized tool for heart health awareness and practices. Results: Results showed that the prevalence of diabetes risk was 38.8% in the sample population. The healthy heart questionnaire revealed that participants had poor diet (76%) or did little or no exercise (60%) and were also ignorant of what a normal blood pressure should be (72%). There was no significant difference between blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and heart rates after physical exercise of those at diabetes risk and those not at risk (p > 0.05). Fasting blood glucose levels between those at diabetes risk and those not at risk was significantly different (p < 0.01). The cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2 max) of those not at diabetic risk was not significantly higher than of those at risk (p > 0.385). Respiratory functions (vital capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume) of those not at diabetic risk were higher than those at risk, showing that diabetes may impair lung function. Though this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), the result obtained cannot be disregarded. Conclusion: Universities and higher institutions of learning should incorporate regular health promotion and education programs that focus more on healthy lifestyles, physical exercise, and proper diet.

show abstract

“…CVD risk prediction scoring systems such as Framingham risk score (FRS) or the HEART score have been developed combining known CVD risk determinants, and these scores are widely used for risk stratification in the general population [6,7]. However, the determinants of increased CVD risk in SCI have not been fully elucidated, and the use of such prediction models in SCI have been rarely studied in the literature [8][9][10]. FRS may underestimate the CVD disease risk in people with SCI [8][9][10] as this scoring system does not include SCI-specific risk factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the determinants of increased CVD risk in SCI have not been fully elucidated, and the use of such prediction models in SCI have been rarely studied in the literature [8][9][10]. FRS may underestimate the CVD disease risk in people with SCI [8][9][10] as this scoring system does not include SCI-specific risk factors. The level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable factor that may aggravate CVD risk and, therefore, a potential factor to consider in the development of SCI-specific CVD risk screening tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective To determine the difference in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation) according to the neurological level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods We searched 5 electronic databases from inception until July 4, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-defined data collection form. The pooled effect estimate was computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistic and chi-squared test (CRD42020166162). Results We screened 4863 abstracts, of which 47 studies with 3878 participants (3280 males, 526 females, 72 sex unknown) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to paraplegia, individuals with tetraplegia had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted weighted mean difference, −14.5 mmHg, 95% CI −19.2, −9.9; −7.0 mmHg 95% CI −9.2, −4.8, respectively), lower triglycerides (−10.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −19.7, −2.1), total cholesterol (−9.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −14.5, −5.4), high-density lipoprotein (−1.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −3.3, −0.2) and low-density lipoprotein (−5.8 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.0, −2.5). Comparing individuals with high- vs. low-thoracic SCI, persons with higher injury had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−10.3 mmHg, 95% CI −13.4, −7.1; −5.3 mmHg 95% CI −7.5, −3.2, respectively), while no differences were found for low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers. High heterogeneity was partially explained by age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases and medication use, body mass index, sample size, and quality of studies. Conclusion In SCI individuals, the level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Future well-designed longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up and providing sex-stratified analyses should confirm our findings and explore the role of SCI level in cardiovascular health and overall prognosis and survival.

show abstract

Cardiovascular disease risk in people with spinal cord injury: is there a possible association between reduced lung function and increased risk of diabetes and hypertension?

Cited by 12 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Effects of Respiratory Training on Heart Rate Variability and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury

Cardiopulmonary health indices and diabetes risk scores in undergraduate students of a private university in Nigeria

The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About