Context: Suppressed glucose metabolism, elevated fatty acid metabolism and lipid deposition within myocardial cells are the key pathological features of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Studies have associated cadmium exposure with metabolic disturbances. Objective: To examine the effects of cadmium exposure on cardiac glucose homeostasis and lipid accumulation in male Wistar rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated for 21 days as (n ¼ 5): Control, cadmium chloride Cd5 (5 mg/kg, p.o.), cadmium chloride Cd30 (30 mg/kg, p.o).
Results:The fasting serum insulin level in this study decreased significantly. Pyruvate and hexokinase activity reduced significantly in the Cd5 group while no significant change in lactate and glycogen levels. The activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme significantly increased with an increasing dosage of cadmium. The free fatty acid, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the heart increased significantly with increasing dosage of cadmium when compared with the control. Lipoprotein lipase activity in the heart showed no difference in the Cd5 group but a reduction in the activity in the Cd30 group was observed.
Conclusion:This study indicates that cadmium exposure interferes with cardiac substrate handling resulting in impaired glucometabolic regulation and lipid accumulation which could reduce cardiac efficiency.
Green tea is manufactured from the leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis and has been regarded to possess anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. The main bioactive components present in green tea are polysaccharides, flavonoids, vitamins B, catechin compounds, fluoride, etc. The credit for their useful antioxidant property lies with the huge collection of chemical substances called polyphenols and catechins. Green tea extracts exhibit stronger antioxidant protection for human body than vitamin C and vitamin E. Green tea has been found to aid in heavy metal detoxification by inhibiting its absorption and promoting excretion due to the antioxidant activities of green tea polyphenols such as catechin, which binds with heavy metals ions to form an insoluble complex -ionic salt that was used to remove them. Green tea components theanine and catechin have reproductive effects.
Oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are major pathways in pathophysiology of testicular torsion/detorsion (TTDT) reperfusion injury. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of cysteamine in TTDTinduced injury.Male Wistar rats (n = 32) were grouped into four (n = 8): sham, ischaemiareperfusion injury (IRI), cysteamine (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for in vivo study.Samples were taken for biomolecular and histological evaluation 48 hr after detorsion. Tissue SOD, GPx, GSH, GST activity, total thiol, H 2 O 2 and MDA were assessed.Serum levels of NO, MPO, TNF-alpha and IL-6 and sperm motility, count and viability were assessed. Caspase-3 and bax were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Significant difference was set as p < .05.Significant increase in H 2 O 2, MDA and nitrite but reduction in SOD, GPx, GSH, GST and total thiol in the testicular tissue of IRI rats was reversed by cysteamine. Serum MPO and TNFα were significantly elevated in RI, while treated-RI rats showed decrease (p < .05) in tissue level of the inflammation markers. Reduced sperm motility in RI was significantly reversed by cysteamine. Increased tissue expression of bax and caspase-3 was reversed by cysteamine.Cysteamine protected the testis against reperfusion injury through antiinflammatory, antioxidant effects and inhibition of apoptosis in rats.
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