Cardiovascular and endocrine effects of clonidine premedication in neurosurgical patients

Abstract

The present study was conducted to examine the haemodynamic and endocrine effects of clonidine, given as sole preanaesthetic medication, in neurosurgical patients. Nineteen patients of ASA physical status I and H, subjected to craniotomy, randomly received po premedication of either clonidine (300 Izg, n = 9) or placebo (n = 10

Clonidine premedication prevents sympathetic hyperactivity but does not prevent hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy

“…Clonidine acts on central α 2 -adrenoreceptors and decreases plasma concentrations of cortisol and ACTH in healthy adults [14]. Dorothee et al showed that oral administration of clonidine suppressed the elevation of plasma cortisol concentration during the operation in patients undergoing neurosurgery [5]. Masala et al reported that intravenous drip administration of clonidine suppressed the responses of sympathetic systems and the elevation of plasma cortisol concentration in surgery for chronic sinusitis [6].…”

Should We Add Clonidine to Local Anesthetic for Peripheral Nerve Blockade? A Qualitative Systematic Review of the Literature

“…Gaumann et al compared the addition of clonidine versus epinephrine to lidocaine in axillary nerve blocks. 8 They concluded that epinephrine was superior to clonidine as an adjunct in peripheral nerve blocks.…”

Anesthetic considerations in diabetic patients. Part I: preoperative considerations of patients with diabetes mellitus

“…The use of clonidine during surgery has been proposed as a way of improving perioperative hemodynamics while decreasing anesthetic requirements. The effects of clonidine, administered either as premedication or as a coinduction agent, on the glucose response to surgery in nondiabetic patients are inconsistent [56][57][58]. In contrast, Belhoula et al [59] reported that premedication of type 2 diabetic patients with clonidine 90 min before surgery improved blood glucose control and decreased insulin requirements during ophthalmic surgery, because clonidine decreased circulating catecholamines despite having no effect on cortisol concentrations and GH secretion.…”

“…There is controversy regarding the effect of clonidine on the pituitary-adrenocortical system, but decreased release of ACTH and cortisol has been reported with its use [56,57]. The use of clonidine during surgery has been proposed as a way of improving perioperative hemodynamics while decreasing anesthetic requirements.…”