Cardiovascular actions of CRH and urocortin: an update

Parkes, David G.; Weisinger, R. S.; May, Clive N.

doi:10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00396-5

Cited by 107 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ucn2 treatment has additional important physiologic effects in vivo, including dose-dependent increases in cardiac output and coronary blood flow as well as a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (46). These Ucn2 actions also appear to be mediated by CRFR2 receptors (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urocortin 2 autocrine/paracrine and pharmacologic effects to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart

Qi²,

Cheng

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Urocortin 2 (Ucn2), a peptide of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family, binds with high affinity to type 2 CRF receptors (CRFR2) on cardiomyocytes and confers protection against ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanisms by which the Ucn2-CRFR2 axis mitigates against ischemia/reperfusion injury remain incompletely delineated. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) also limits cardiac damage during ischemia/reperfusion. AMPK is classically activated by alterations in cellular energetics; however, hormones, cytokines, and additional autocrine/paracrine factors also modulate its activity. We examined the effects of both the endogenous cardiac Ucn2 autocrine/paracrine pathway and Ucn2 treatment on AMPK regulation. Ucn2 treatment increased AMPK activation and downstream acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation and glucose uptake in isolated heart muscles. These actions were blocked by the CRFR2 antagonist anti-sauvagine-30 and by a PKCe translocation-inhibitor peptide (eV1-2). Hypoxia-induced AMPK activation was also blunted in heart muscles by preincubation with either anti-sauvagine-30, a neutralizing anti-Ucn2 antibody, or eV1-2. Treatment with Ucn2 in vivo augmented ischemic AMPK activation and reduced myocardial injury and cardiac contractile dysfunction after regional ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Ucn2 also directly activated AMPK in ex vivo-perfused mouse hearts and diminished injury and contractile dysfunction during ischemia/reperfusion. Thus, both Ucn2 treatment and the endogenous cardiac Ucn2 autocrine/paracrine pathway activate AMPK signaling pathway, via a PKCe-dependent mechanism, defining a Ucn2-CRFR2-PKCe-AMPK pathway that mitigates against ischemia/reperfusion injury. metabolism | cardiac function

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urocortin 2 autocrine/paracrine and pharmacologic effects to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart

Qi²,

Cheng

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41 amino acid neuropeptide that in mammals controls a wide range of physiological responses to physical and emotional stressors (e.g., Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002;Vale et al, 1981), including neuroendocrine and behavioral responses, inXammatory responses to immunological agents, and modulation of gastrointestinal (Baigent and Lowry, 2000) and cardiovascular activity (Parkes et al, 2001). Urocortin 1 (Ucn1) is a 40 amino acid peptide structurally related to CRF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis

Calle

Kozicz

Linden

et al. 2006

General and Comparative Endocrinology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In mammals complex interactions between various brain structures and neuropeptides such as corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and urocortin 1 (Ucn1) underlay the control of feeding by the brain. Recently, in the amphibian Xenopus laevis, CRF-and Ucn1-immunoreactivities were shown in the hypothalamic magnocellular nucleus (Mg) and evidence was obtained for their involvement in food intake. To gain a better understanding of the brain structures controlling feeding in X. laevis, the eVects of 16 weeks starvation on neurones immunoreactive (ir) to Fos and neuropeptides in various brain structures were quantiWed. In the Mg, compared to controls, starved animals showed fewer neurones immunopositive for Fos (¡55.9%), Ucn1 (¡44.0%), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (¡94.3%) and metenkephalin (ENK) (¡65.0%), whereas CRF-ir neurones were 2.1 times more numerous. These diVerences were mainly apparent in the ventral part of the Mg, followed by the medial and dorsal part of the nucleus. In the neural lobe of the pituitary gland a 22.5% lower optical density of CART-ir was observed. In the four other brain structures investigated, starvation had diVerent eVects. The dorsomedial part of the suprachiasmatic nucleus showed 5.9 times more NPY-ir cells and in the ventromedial thalamic area a lower number of NPY-ir cells (¡33.6%) was found, whereas the Edinger-Westphal nucleus contained fewer CART-ir cells (¡42.2%); no eVect of starvation was seen in the ventral hypothalamic nucleus. Our results support the hypothesis that in X. laevis, the Mg plays a pivotal role in feeding-related processes and, moreover, that starvation also has neuropeptide-and brain structure-speciWc eVects in other parts of the brain and in the pituitary gland, suggesting particular roles of these structures and their neuropeptides in physiological adaptation to starvation.

show abstract

“…Urocortin 1 has been demonstrated to have potent coronary vasodilatory and cardiac inotropic effects, and these effects have been shown to be more potent than CRF [104][105][106]. Urocortin 1 has protective effects on cardiac myocytes from ischemic or reperfusion injury [107][108][109][110][111][112][113].…”

Section: Urocortins (Human Homologues Of Fish Urotensin-i)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational Medicine in Fish-derived Peptides: From Fish Endocrinology to Human Physiology and Diseases

Takahashi

2004

Endocr J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Recent studies have revealed the importance of fish-derived peptide hormones to human endocrinology. These peptides include melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), urocortins (human urotensin-I), and urotensin-II. MCH, a hypothalamic peptide, is a potent stimulator on appetite. Urocortins, e.g. urocortin 1 and urocortin 3 (stresscopin), are endogenous ligands for the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors, particularly CRF type 2 receptor, that mediates a vasodilator action, a positive inotropic action and a central appetite-inhibiting action. These actions mediated by CRF type 2 receptor may ameliorate the stress response. Human urotensin-II is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide, while it acts as a vasodilator on some arteries. Human urotensin-II is expressed in various types of cells and tissues, including cardiovascular tissues, as well as many types of tumor cells. Thus, these fish-derived peptides appear to play important roles in human physiology, such as appetite regulation, stress response and cardiovascular regulation, and also in diseases, for example, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and tumors. Development of antagonists/agonists against the receptors for these peptides may open new strategies for the treatment of various diseases, including obesity-related diseases, hypertension, heart failure and malignant tumors. IN the last century, a large number of peptide hormones were discovered. Some of the novel peptides are produced and secreted by classically non-endocrine organs, such as brain, heart and vascular vessels [1], while some were originally discovered in non-mammalian species including fishes. The peptides produced by classically non-endocrine organs include hypothalamic hormones and various neuropeptides secreted by neurons [2-5], atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) by heart [6] and endothelins by vascular endothelium [7]. Some peptides appear to be ubiquitously expressed. For example, adrenomedullin, a vasodilator peptide discovered from pheochromocytoma tissue, is produced and secreted by various types of normal cells [1,8,9,10], such as fibroblasts [10], macrophages [10,11], glial cells [12] and retinal pigment epithelial cells [13,14], and by various tumor cells [1,[15][16][17][18][19]. Endothelin-1 is also ubiquitously expressed like adrenomedullin although it was originally isolated from aortic endothelial cells [7, 20, 21]. Thus, a large number of studies on hormones now aim not only at classical endocrine organs, but also at nonendocrine organs, such as cardiovascular organs.Another important aspect of the recent advances in peptide endocrinology is recognition of the importance of fish-derived hormones in human physiology and diseases. In this review, I will discuss three bioactive peptides: melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) [22], urotensin-I [23, 24] and urotensin-II [25, 26]. These three peptides were originally discovered in fishes, and are now recognized to have very important physiological roles in mammals including human. Furt...

show abstract

Cardiovascular actions of CRH and urocortin: an update

Cited by 107 publications

References 39 publications

Urocortin 2 autocrine/paracrine and pharmacologic effects to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart

Urocortin 2 autocrine/paracrine and pharmacologic effects to activate AMP-activated protein kinase in the heart

Effect of starvation on Fos and neuropeptide immunoreactivities in the brain and pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis

Translational Medicine in Fish-derived Peptides: From Fish Endocrinology to Human Physiology and Diseases

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About