Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Atherosclerosis: Recent Data and Future Directions

Mehanna, Emile; Hamik, Anne

doi:10.1007/s11883-016-0580-7

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…So being physically active reduces the risks for obesityrelated cardiovascular disease by positively influencing autonomic nerve function [2,16,36] and insulin resistance [37], besides reducing the action of catecholamines (attenuating acetylcholine-oriented vasoconstriction), which reduce resting HR, and during submaximal exercise, allowing for faster HR recovery, which indicates improved vagal modulation and less risk for cardiovascular outcome [38,39]. In this scenario, healthy lifestyle was associated with higher HRV, suggesting a positive effect on ANS and throughout life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals

et al. 2020

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Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24 h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10 ± 7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44 ± 20.31 nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52 ± 19.18 nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p=0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p=0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p=0.049) and LF/HF (p=0.036) and a positive association with LF (p=0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (β = −0.685, p=0.010; β = −14.989, p=0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (β = 0.141, p=0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (β = −0.030, p=0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals

et al. 2020

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“…Complex factors, such as shear stress and alternations in plasma profiles precipitate the activation or restoration of endothelial pathways during exercise [51]. Exercise-induced circulating catecholamines could act on β-3 adrenergic receptors (B3AR) to increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which augments the bioavailability of NO (nitric oxide), an essential molecule responsible for vasodilation and anti-atherosclerosis effects [52,53,54,55]. More recent evidence suggested that rhythmic handgrip exercise promoted increased eNOS phosphorylation, NO generation, and O 2 − production, along with improved autophagy markers including Beclin1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), autophagy-related gene 3 (Atg3), and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2) as well as decreased levels of p62 in endothelial cells from human radial artery [56].…”

Section: Contemporary Theory Behind Exercise-induced Cardiovasculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health

Tian

Chen

et al. 2019

Cells

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Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. Physical exercise may positively affect various cardiovascular risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid and glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial function, and body fat composition. With the ever-rising prevalence of obesity and other types of metabolic diseases, as well as sedentary lifestyle, regular exercise of moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit cardiovascular health and reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre of favorable responses in the cardiovascular system such as improved dynamics of the cardiovascular system, reduced prevalence of coronary heart diseases and cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, and autonomic regulation. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has indicated an emerging role for autophagy, a conservative catabolism process to degrade and recycle cellular organelles and nutrients, in exercise training-offered cardiovascular benefits. Regular physical exercise as a unique form of physiological stress is capable of triggering adaptation while autophagy in particular selective autophagy seems to be permissive to such cardiovascular adaptation. Here in this mini-review, we will summarize the role for autophagy in particular mitochondrial selective autophagy namely mitophagy in the benefit versus risk of physical exercise on cardiovascular function.

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“…[79] Additionally, many molecules like Beclin1 and Autophagy-Related Gene 3 (Atg3) increases versus reduction in p62 a classical receptor for autophagy, which boosted autophagy regulation on vessel's endothelium. [80][81][82]…”

Section: Endothelial Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Regular Physical Exercise on the Progression of Erectile Dysfunction Among Male Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Anees¹

2020

CMR

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There is no agreed management for Erectile Dysfunction (ED) for male patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Regular Physical Exercise (PE) starts to be a more exciting area that needs further focus. This review attempts to gather available data about the ED burden, etiology, risk factors, assessment, and management. Further, it highlights the available evidence on the effect of PE on the progression of ED and the possible underline mechanisms. The available evidence is hugely supportive of the beneficial role of PE in the ED. The cardiovascular, neurological, endothelial, metabolic, and overall health benefits of PE are repeated mechanisms reported by many researchers. The possible explanation is quite not clear due to the complexity and bidirectional effect on many aspects related to the changes during PE. Further interventional studies are needed to determine the superiority of each factor. All physicians managing DM and ED are strongly invited to involve PE as part of their management plan in conjunction with other available treatment options. Research has to look after which type, duration, frequency, and intensity of PE is sufficient for detectable improvement in ED.

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Atherosclerosis: Recent Data and Future Directions

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals

Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals

Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health

Effect of Regular Physical Exercise on the Progression of Erectile Dysfunction Among Male Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

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