Risk Factors Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Obese Individuals

Abstract

Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24 h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10 ± 7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44 ± 20.31 nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52 ± 19.18 nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p=0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p=0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p=0.049) and LF/HF (p=0.036) and a positive association with LF (p=0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (β = −0.685, p=0.010; β = −14.989, p=0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (β = 0.141, p=0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (β = −0.030, p=0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

Understanding Mechanisms Underlying Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Mental Illness: Risperidone and Olanzapine Alter the Hepatic Proteomic Signature in Mice

“…Furthermore, the ANS has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD [ 7 ]. Autonomic dysfunction is a hallmark of psychiatric as well as metabolic disease [ 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], and some side effects associated with AA therapy are consistent with medication-associated increase in sympathetic tone [ 50 , 58 ]. Some AA drugs have been reported to act via SNS mechanisms to cause adverse effects on glycemia [ 72 ], cardiac function [ 21 , 49 , 73 ], and bone biology [ 51 , 63 ].…”

Assessment of arrhythmias and cardiac autonomic tone at a relatively young age patients with obesity class III

“…(this association was also found for the waist circumference) 49. It should be emphasized that HRV analysis in the frequency-domain is much more sensitive in detecting autonomic dysfunction than in the time-domain, especially in assessing sympathetic or parasympathetic activity (high frequency band reflects vagal modulation) 8.…”

Differences in Heart Rate Variability and Body Composition in Breast Cancer Survivors and Women Without Cancer

“…Interestingly, we observed a signi cant negative association between visceral adiposity measured by BIA and parasympathetic function at BCS. A recent study found that insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest in uence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese persons, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease 51 . Thus, we consider that a concomitant increase of visceral fat, among other factors, may contribute to cardiac autonomic modi cations and changes in HRV patterns in women who are BCS.…”