Cardiopulmonary readjustments during graded immersion in water at 35 °C

Farhi, Leon E.; Linnarsson, Dag

doi:10.1016/0034-5687(77)90020-2

Cited by 76 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…16 Xiphoid and neck references are also useful in discriminating the effects of abdominal hydrostatic compression from thoracoabdominal hydrostatic compression on pulmonary volumes. 13 We found a significant hematocrit level decline in both groups, compatible with the increased central blood volume. 16 Individuals with tetraplegia had an increase in cardiac output of the same magnitude compared with control subjects during immersion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…13 Within this thermoneutral temperature range, effects on body core temperature and pulmonary volumes are minimized. Furthermore, individuals with SCI are partially poikilothermic, in which their core temperature tends to follow changes in ambient temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The shift of volume has been estimated at 700 ml to the chest during immersion in healthy individuals. 1,2 This increase includes both blood and mobilized interstitial fluid to the central blood volume, 15 which can be estimated by hematocrit change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of graded water immersion on vital capacity and plasma volume in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

et al. 2009

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Study design: A case-control study was conducted. Objective: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the increase in hydrostatic pressure on the abdominal wall may be the major determinant of vital capacity (VC) improvement in tetraplegic subjects during water immersion, despite the blood volume shifts from the legs and abdomen to the thorax. Setting: The study was carried out in the Rehabilitation Center, Brasília/DF, Brazil. Methods: In total, 11 men with tetraplegia (complete motor lesion, C4-7, 30.4 years old) and 12 healthy controls were studied. Hematocrit level and spirometry values were obtained on dry land and at each level of immersion (the pelvis, xiphoid and neck). Results: Baseline spirometry value of tetraplegic subjects showed reduced VC (53.3±17.4% of predicted), whereas all control subjects had 480% of predicted values. Neither group showed significant changes in VC at the pelvic and xiphoid levels of immersion. In tetraplegic subjects, VC increased by 27.2% at the neck level ( ± 25.8, Po0.008), whereas in healthy subjects it decreased by 6.3% ( ± 5.0, Po0.008). Both groups showed significantly increased inspiratory capacity only when immersed to the neck. Hematocrit level of tetraplegic subjects fell significantly with immersion to the xiphoid and neck levels (Po0.017), which occurred in controls only at the xiphoid level (Po0.017). Conclusions: Hydrostatic compression may be the main contributor to improving VC in tetraplegic subjects immersed in water. This improvement occurs despite increased plasma volume during immersion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of graded water immersion on vital capacity and plasma volume in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

et al. 2009

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“…The increased central venous pressure during upright immersion is associated with a large increase in heart size and stroke volume (4,18,40,81,95,195,269).…”

Section: Cardiac Dimensions and Pump Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Adjustments to Gravitational Stress

Blomqvist

Stone

1983

Comprehensive Physiology

191

163

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“…Sabe-se que o sistema cardiovascular reage de formas diferenciadas em situação de imersão, de acordo com a posição adotada, com a ausência ou presença de esforço (e sua intensidade), com o tipo de exercício, com a profundidade da imersão e com a temperatura da água (19). O exercício físico realizado em meio aquático produz respostas fisiológicas diferentes daquelas relatadas fora deste ambiente, devido ao efeito hidrostático no sistema cardiovascular e à intensificação da perda de calor na água (2); mesmo em situação de repouso, existem modificações cardiovasculares determinadas pela imersão na água (9). Dentre os parâmetros circulatórios influenciados pela imersão aquática destaca-se a freqüência cardíaca (FC), muito utilizada durante o exercício devido a sua simplicidade de medição e suas relações com o consumo de oxigênio e com a intensidade de trabalho (31).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Freqüência cardíaca em homens imersos em diferentes temperaturas de água

Graef

Peyré‐Tartaruga

Alberton

et al. 2005

RPCD

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RESUMOO objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o comportamento da freqüência cardíaca de indivíduos imersos na posição vertical, na profundidade entre apêndice xifóide e ombros, em três temperaturas de água (27, 30 e 33ºC). A amostra foi composta por 14 indivíduos do sexo masculino, praticantes de atividades aquáti-cas, na faixa etária de 18 a 35 anos. A freqüência cardíaca foi verificada através de sensores de batimentos cardíacos da marca Polar, modelo Beat. O comportamento da freqüência cardíaca foi determinado através das variações existentes entre a freqüência cardíaca dos indivíduos na posição vertical fora de água e durante a imersão, em repouso. A análise dos dados foi feita utilizando-se estatística descritiva, análise de variância (ANOVA), com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni (p≤ 0,05). Verificou-se que houve bradicardia durante a imersão, nas três temperaturas aquáticas. A bradicardia média na temperatura de 33ºC foi 17,85±10,67 bpm; em 30ºC, foi 24,14±11,16 bpm; em 27ºC, foi 33,75±11,27 bpm. As diferenças entre as médias mostraram-se estatisticamente significativas somente entre a temperatura de 27ºC e a temperatura de 33ºC. Conclui-se que, durante a imersão aquática em temperaturas variando entre 27 e 33ºC, a bradicardia tende a aumentar com a diminuição da temperatura.Palavras-chave: freqüência cardíaca, imersão, temperatura aquática. (27, 30 and 33 o C) ABSTRACT Heart rate frequency in immersed individuals over different water temperatures Purpose of this study was to analyze the heart rate behavior of immersed individuals in the vertical position, at a depth between the xiphoid process and the shoulders, in three water temperatures

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Cardiopulmonary readjustments during graded immersion in water at 35 °C

Cited by 76 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of graded water immersion on vital capacity and plasma volume in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

Effect of graded water immersion on vital capacity and plasma volume in patients with cervical spinal cord injury

Cardiovascular Adjustments to Gravitational Stress

Freqüência cardíaca em homens imersos em diferentes temperaturas de água

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