Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses

Duke‐Novakovski, Tanya; Palacios-Jimenez, Carolina; Wetzel, Tara; Rymes, Lisa; Sanchez-Teran, A.F.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12194

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(107 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on our results, all calves showed bradycardia 5 min following xylazine and medetomidine administration (at both low and high doses). Similar findings have been reported after sedation with α 2 ‐adrenergic agonists in other species including adult camels (Samimi & Azari, ), goats (Shah et al, ), sheep (de Carvalho et al, ), and horses (Duke‐Novakovski, Palacios‐Jimenez, Wetzel, Rymes, & Sanchez‐Teran, ). In our study, HR was statistically lower in high doses, compared with low doses of medetomidine and xylazine at T120 ( p < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of sedative, analgesic, physiological, and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves

Samimi

Sakhaee

Iranmanesh

2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study aims to comparatively evaluate the effects of different doses of intravenous xylazine and medetomidine on sedation and antinociception scores, and physiological and laboratory parameters in dromedary calves. Thirty clinically healthy male dromedary calves 15 ± 2 weeks old and weighing 95 ± 5.5 kg were studied. Two groups received xylazine at low (0.2 mg/kg) and high (0.4 mg/kg) doses. Two groups received medetomidine at low (10 µg/kg) and high (20 µg/kg) doses. One group received normal saline. Sedation signs were scored using a 3‐point scale. Analgesic effect was analyzed using pinpricks. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Sedation and antinociception scores of the animals 1 hr after receiving the higher dose of xylazine and medetomidine were significantly higher than that of other groups. Compared with other studied groups, the animals receiving the higher dose of xylazine showed significantly higher potassium and creatinine serum levels after 24 hr. Doses as high as 0.4 mg/kg for xylazine and 20 µg/kg for medetomidine can be considered safe and useful for procedures associated with mild pain in dromedary calves.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of sedative, analgesic, physiological, and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves

Samimi

Sakhaee

Iranmanesh

2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The use of dexmedetomidine is attractive in these cases, as recovery times, though not statistically different, were shorter compared to xylazine‐based protocols, mainly due to the longer elimination half‐time of xylazine (Hopster et al., ). Both oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation are recommended when propofol‐based TIVA protocols are used (Duke‐Novakovski et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an experimental, nonblinded, randomized, cross‐over study with six adults, healthy horses undergoing arthroscopy for periods around 60–90 min, Duke‐Novakovski et al. () compared a propofol‐based (8 mg kg −1 hr −1 ) TIVA protocol with ketamine (1 mg kg −1 hr −1 CRI) and dexmedetomidine (1.5 μg kg −1 hr −1 ) infusions with a PIVA technique, replacing the propofol CRI by isoflurane. The horses had been previously sedated with i.v.…”

Section: Reported Studies (2005–2017)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…xylazine (first dosage to allow thermodilution catheter insertion for CO measurement) and induction with ketamine (2 mg/kg) and propofol (0.4 mg/kg) were compared with a PIVA regime, replacing the propofol CRI by isoflurane maintenance. This TIVA protocol provided adequate surgical conditions in six adults, healthy horses undergoing arthroscopy for periods around 60–90 min in an experimental, nonblinded, randomized, cross‐over study (Duke‐Novakovski et al., ). However, at comparable mean FiO 2 values ranging from 77% and 94%, the TIVA protocol lowered PaO 2 values for the study period (255 vs. 380 mmHg for TIVA and PIVA at 60 min, respectively).…”

Section: Reported Studies (2005–2017)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)

Gozalo-Marcilla

Gasthuys

Luna

et al. 2017

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this review was to perform a literature compilation of all the equine publications that used dexmedetomidine as the first article on this topic was published, in 2005. We also aimed to answer the question whether the use of dexmedetomidine can currently be justified. For that, we compiled information from databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science and the proceedings of the last veterinary anaesthesiology meetings. Dexmedetomidine is an attractive drug to be used in horses, mainly due to its pharmacokinetic profile and pharmacodynamics that favour its use as intravenous constant rate infusion (CRI). Nowadays, its clinical use is popular for sedation in prolonged standing procedures and during partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) and total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA). However, legal requirements for its use should be taken into account.

show abstract

“…The way of calculation of MAC reduction was not uniform in all investigations which might result in different percentage of decrease in volatile agent concentration during PIVA. The drop in isoflurane needs was much more pronounced when PIVA was combined with CRIs of other agents such as lidocaine, midazolam, or ketamine [21] [22]. Lidocaine proved to decrease MAC of volatile agents dose-dependantly but leads to ataxia during recovery period.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion (CRI) on Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Healthy Horses

Sleiman¹,

Dinev²,

Simeonova³

2016

IJCM

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept of the modern anaesthesiological technique partial intravenous anaesthesia (PIVA) is by means of infusion of different pharmacological agents as a supplement to inhalation anaesthetics to reduce the concentration of volatile agents maintaining surgical anaesthesia and to decrease their noxious side effects mainly on cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Alpha-2 agonists are agents with frequent use in equine practice either as sedatives or in general anaesthesia PIVA protocols. The most selective amongst them, dexmedetomidine, is characterized by fewer side effects, lower doses, and fast elimination which make it appropriate for application as a continuous rate infusion (CRI). The purpose of this study was to trace out the effects of dexmedetomidine continuous rate infusion (CRI) as part of PIVA using isoflurane on volatile agent requirements, cardiovascular function, respiration and coagulation parameters, and recovery in healthy horses. Six healthy horses with average age 9.0 ± 5.1 year and mean body weight 247.7 ± 71.4 kg were subjected to either 3-hour lasting isoflurane or isoflurane-dexmedetomidine anaesthesia two weeks apart. The main clinical and anaesthesiological parameters were monitored in 10 minutes intervals. Electrolytes, acid-base, blood gases, and coagulation parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end of each anaesthesia. Recovery times and qualities were also recorded. The results showed that, the addition of dexmedetomidine by CRI at 1.75 μg•kg −1 •hour −1 to isoflurane anaesthesia slightly reduced isoflurane requirement for maintenance of surgical anaesthesia but had negligible effects on the recovery time and quality. PIVA using dexmedetomidine and isoflurane produced respiratory acidosis similar to isoflurane anaesthesia alone but with significantly more pronounced hypoxaemia and hyperlactaemia. Both investigated anaesthesia protocols did not influence significantly haemocoagulation parameters.

show abstract

Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine infusions with either propofol infusion or isoflurane for anesthesia in horses

Cited by 17 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of sedative, analgesic, physiological, and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves

Evaluation of sedative, analgesic, physiological, and laboratory effects of two doses off medetomidine and xylazine in dromedary calves

Is there a place for dexmedetomidine in equine anaesthesia and analgesia? A systematic review (2005–2017)

The Effects of Dexmedetomidine Continuous Rate Infusion (CRI) on Isoflurane Anaesthesia in Healthy Horses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About